난생 처음 한국 숯불 돼지갈비를 먹다 한국인들의 식사량에 진심으로 충격받은 일본인 모델의 솔직한 반응...! - YouTube
きまずい" (気まずい)는 일본어로 "어색하다
平気 (へいき, heiki): "괜찮다"
すいとる" (吸い取る, 스이토루)라는 동사가 있습니다. 이 동사는 "흡수하다", "빨아들이다
2025년 1월 28일 화요일
2025년 1월 26일 일요일
마닐라
숙소
홉 인 호텔 마카티 애비뉴
호텔 젠 마닐라 바이 샹그릴라
마닐라 베이 인근
호텔 베닐드 메종 드 라 살레
라살 대학교 인근
소피텔 필리핀 플라자 마닐라
아키노 국제공항에서 차로 20분
호텔 공항 셔틀이용가능(무료)
차로 10분거리 SM 쇼핑몰
영어문법
‘a bit of’와 ‘a little’는 셀 수 없는 양을 나타내는 데 사용되기 때문에 가산명사에는 쓸 수 없어요. 이 두 표현은 ‘조금’이라는 의미를 가지고 있죠.
a lot of/ lots of 가산 및 불가산 가능
a few 가산
a little 불가산
many 가산
much 불가산
2025년 1월 25일 토요일
11. 함화당 집경당
11.함화당 집경당
Hamhwadang and Jipgyeongdang Hall
- Immersed in Day Dreaming
- immerse (액체속에)담그다/~에 몰두하다, 몰두하게 만들다
- day dreaming 몽상
[]Hamhwadang and Jipgyeongdang Halls
There are many mulberry trees along the road on the right side when you walk from the north of Jagyeongjeon Hall toward Hyangwonjeong Pavilion. During the season when the mulberries fall, the ground becomes purple with fallen mulberries. Under the shade of the mulberry trees, many large blue lilyturf flowers bloom, making the road very beautiful.
The wide area from behind Amisan Mound to the front of Hamhwadang and Jipgyeongdang Halls was once the location of Heungbokjeon Hall. Today, this area is being excavated so that Heungbokjeon can be rebuilt.
Heungbokjeon was once the home of royal concubines. In 1890, Queen Dowager Jo, who was later called Queen Sinjeong, died there. Later, in 1917, a fire broke out in the inner quarters of Changdeokgung Palace. To help rebuild the damaged buildings, the Heungbokjeon area was taken down and its materials were used for the restoration work.
Jipgyeongdang and Hamhwadang, located north of Heungbokjeon, were originally built as living quarters for royal concubines and court ladies. Later, King Gojong often used them as his office and a place to meet foreign diplomats. While staying in Geoncheonggung, he held important meetings here and searched for diplomatic solutions during a difficult time for Korea. The two halls are connected by a three-bay corridor. They also have several smaller buildings, walls, and gates around them. This suggests that they were used for different purposes than Heungbokjeon.
During the Japanese colonial period, many buildings in Gyeongbokgung Palace were damaged or demolished. but Hamhwadang and Jipgyeongdang survived
Yanagi Muneyoshi (1889–1961) was a Japanese art critic and the founder of the Folk Craft Movement.
He is closely connected to Hamhwadang and Jipgyeongdang.
In 1924, during the Japanese colonial period, Yanagi Muneyoshi opened the Joseon Folk Art Museum in these buildings and displayed Korean cultural objects and artworks.
At that time, he was concerned that many Korean cultural treasures, such as pottery, wooden crafts, Buddhist statues, and folk art, were being lost or taken to Japan. He wanted to protect and introduce the beauty of Korean culture, so he created a museum here.
Hamhwadang and Jipgyeongdang are more than just old palace buildings.
They were:
- A working office for King Gojong
- A place where important diplomatic meetings were held during the Korean Empire
- The home of the Joseon Folk Art Museum during the Japanese colonial period
- Today, Hamhwadang and Jipgyeongdang have been restored. The area is very quiet and peaceful, so visitors can enjoy a cozy atmosphere without being disturbed by other people. In fact, not many tourists find this secluded place or look inside it.
This area is not especially famous for major historical events. However, when we walk around a palace, we do not always need to visit only historically important places. When a place is peaceful and enclosed by cozy walls, it invites us to slow down and enjoy a moment of quiet contemplation.
As you explore the palace, you may suddenly find yourself in a peaceful corner. In the quiet atmosphere, it is easy to imagine the people who once lived here. Moments like these often leave the deepest impression on visitors.
Just outside Yeongjimun Gate, you'll find a small garden with a stone mortar planted with lotus flowers. In autumn, after the lotus blossoms have faded, the crimson leaves of a winged spindle tree fall into the mortar, creating a scene that can be even more beautiful than the flowers themselves.
- lilyturf 맥문동
- 오디는 통상 5~6월 본격적 무더위와 장마가 오기전 수확한다
- 흥복전
- 우여곡절의 용도변화 흥복전(115) : 네이버 카페
- 흥복전은 고종(재위 1868~1907) 대에 경복궁을 다시 지으며 건립한 전각으로, 이곳에서 독일과 일본, 이탈리아 등 외국에서 온 사신을 접견했다는 기록이 남겨져 있습니다.
- 일제강점기에 철거된 뒤, 2018년 동행각과 서행각, 북행각 등으로 구성된 권역은 복원했지만, 아직 단청은 마무리하지 않은 상태입니다.
- 교태전과 함화당 사이에 있는 건물로 고종 연간에 이곳에서 독일, 일본, 이탈리아, 프랑스 등에서 온 외국 사신을 접견했다는 기록이 남아있다.
- 헌종(재위 1834∼1849)의 어머니이자 흥선대원군의 아들인 고종을 양자로 삼아 왕위에 오르게 했던 신정왕후 조씨가 1890년 승하한 장소이기도 하다.
- 경복궁 중건 이후 얼마 지나지 않아 강녕전, 교태전 등 내전의 주요 건물들이 2차례에 걸쳐 불타 없어지자(...) 임금이 사용하면서 경연, 신하들과 외국 공사를 만나는 등 공식적인 업무와 행사를 하는 공간이 되었다
- 경복궁 중건 이후 얼마 지나지 않아 강녕전, 교태전 등 내전의 주요 건물들이 2차례에 걸쳐 불타 없어지자(...) 임금이 사용하면서 경연, 신하들과 외국 공사를 만나는 등 공식적인 업무와 행사를 하는 공간이 되었다
- 흥복전의 남쪽에는 아미산이 있기 때문에 남쪽 행각은 없으며, 정문인 수인문은 서쪽에 세워져 있습니다
- 흥복전은 후궁들이 생활하던 궁전으로 외국 대신들을 접견하는 장소로 쓰이기도 함
- 흥복전: 왕의 후궁들이 살던 공간인 빈궁이다
- suggest 제안하다/추천하다/시사(암시)하다
- envoys(사절, 특사)
- then 그때/그 다음에/그러면
- as though(as if) 마치 ~인것처럼
- 영지문: 함화당에 있는 문
- mortar 박격포/막자사발
- crimson 크림즌/진홍색의
- disturb 방해하다
- Joseon Folk Art Museum 조선민족미술관(朝鮮民族美術館)
- the founder of the Folk Craft Movement. 민예(民藝)운동 창시자
## Hamhwadang and Jipgyeongdang: A Quiet Corner of the Palace
There are many mulberry trees along the road on the right side when you walk from the north of Jagyeongjeon Hall toward Hyangwonjeong Pavilion. During the season when the mulberries fall, the ground becomes purple with fallen mulberries. Under the shade of the mulberry trees, many large blue lilyturf flowers bloom, making the road very beautiful.
The wide area from behind Amisan Mound to the front of Hamhwadang and Jipgyeongdang Halls was once the location of Heungbokjeon Hall. Today, this area is being excavated so that Heungbokjeon can be rebuilt.
Heungbokjeon was once the home of royal concubines. In 1890, Queen Dowager Jo, who was later called Queen Sinjeong, died there. Later, in 1917, a fire broke out in the inner quarters of Changdeokgung Palace. To help rebuild the damaged buildings, the Heungbokjeon area was taken down and its materials were used for the restoration work.
North of Heungbokjeon lie two buildings, Hamhwadang and Jipgyeongdang.
They were originally built as residential quarters for royal concubines and court ladies. However, their function changed over time.
During the reign of King Gojong, these halls were often used as office spaces and meeting places for foreign diplomats. While staying at Geoncheonggung, the king came here to hold important discussions and seek diplomatic solutions during a difficult time in Korea’s modern history.
The two halls are connected by a three-bay corridor, and are surrounded by smaller buildings, walls, and gates. This enclosed layout indicates that they once served more private and specialized purposes than nearby structures such as Heungbokjeon.
During the Japanese colonial period, many buildings in Gyeongbokgung Palace were destroyed or removed. Amazingly, however, Hamhwadang and Jipgyeongdang survived.
In 1924, during this period, the Japanese art critic Yanagi Muneyoshi, founder of the Folk Craft Movement, opened the Joseon Folk Art Museum inside these buildings.
He was concerned that many Korean cultural objects — including pottery, wooden crafts, Buddhist statues, and folk artworks — were at risk of being lost or taken to Japan, so he sought to preserve and introduce the beauty of Korean traditional culture.
Hamhwadang and Jipgyeongdang became more than just palace buildings. Over time, they served as King Gojong’s royal office, a place for diplomatic meetings during the Korean Empire, and later a museum of Korean folk art during the colonial period.
Today, the buildings have been carefully restored. The area is quiet and peaceful, offering visitors a chance to slow down and experience a different side of the palace.
Unlike the grand halls of Gyeongbokgung, this secluded corner is not marked by major historical events. Instead, it offers a peaceful place for reflection.
As you walk through this space, you may suddenly find yourself alone in a calm courtyard. In that silence, it becomes easy to imagine the lives of those who once lived and worked here.
Just outside Yeongjimun Gate, there is also a small garden featuring a stone mortar planted with lotus flowers.
In autumn, after the lotus has faded, the red leaves of the winged spindle tree fall into the mortar, creating a scene that some visitors consider even more beautiful than the flowers themselves
Sometimes, the quietest corners of a palace leave the deepest impression.
- This enclosed layout 폐쇄적인 구조
- layout 배치
[]Queen's Sericulture Ceremony
- There are several mulberry trees along the path on the right side of the Heungbokjeon site and around Hyangwonji Pond, where Hyangwonjeong Pavilion stands. Mulberry trees can be found not only in Gyeongbokgung Palace but also in other royal palaces of the Joseon Dynasty. Their presence is connected to the royal sericulture ceremonies, which involved raising silkworms and producing silk.
- Joseon kings sometimes worked in the fields themselves to show the importance of farming and to better understand farmers' lives. In the same way, queens raised silkworms to learn about silk production. They also took part in sericulture ceremonies with court ladies and officials' wives to encourage the making of silk.
- For a long time, raising silkworms and making silk were very important in Korea. Many villages had shrines for Xi Ling, a legendary Chinese figure who was believed to have taught people how to raise silkworms. The government also built an Altar of Sericulture, where kings and officials held special ceremonies. Queens performed sericulture ceremonies as well, encouraging people to raise silkworms and produce silk. These ceremonies helped teach the importance of silk production to the people.
- The Royal Protocol of the Queen's Sericulture Ceremony describes a ceremony held at Gyeongbokgung Palace in 1767. After offering a ritual to the ancestor of sericulture, the queen symbolically picked mulberry leaves from five branches. Crown Princess Hyebin and the Grand Crown Princess followed by picking leaves from seven branches, while court ladies and the wives of high-ranking officials gathered leaves from nine branches. This ceremonial act emphasized the importance of silk production in Joseon society.
- circumference 원주, 주변
- royalty 왕족/ 사용료(특허권)
- royal 국왕의/ 왕족
- demonstrated 시위하다/ (작동 과정이나 사용법을)보여주다
- cultivate 경작하다
- rear 기르다, 사육하다
- rear 뒤쪽
- appreciate 감사하다/ 감상하다/ ~를 높이 평가하다(진가를 알아보다. 이해하다)
- in person 직접(몸소)
- encourage 격려하다, 용기를 북돋우다/ 권장하다
- silk weaving 견방직
- sericulture 양잠(누애를 사육하여 고치를 생산하는일)
- silkworm rearing 누에치기
- known to 동사 ~한 것으로 알려진
- known to 명사 ~에게 알려진
- Si Maqian 사마천
- on the state level 국가차원에서
- Altar of Sericulture 선잠단(조선시대 역대 왕비가 누에를 길러 명주를 생산하기위해 잠신-누에신 으로 알려진 중국 상고 황제의 황후 서릉씨를 모시고 제사 지내던 곳/ 선잠은 중국의 전설적인 인물인 황제의 부인 '서릉'이었다.)
- perform 행하다(실시하다)/ 공연하다
- conduct 행동하다(처신하다)/ 지휘하다/ 이끌다(호송하다)/(업무를)수행하다
- sacrificial ritual 희생제
- Royal Court Protocol 왕실의괴
- Royal Protocols are official records that describe in detail how royal ceremonies, rituals, and important state events were planned and carried out during the Joseon Dynasty.
- Court 법원/ 대궐, 궁중
- Protocol 외교의례, 의전, (군대 궁정에서의 )의례, 조약원안, 조약 , 의정서 예의상의 관례, 에티켓통신규약(컴퓨터), 관찰기록
- Royal Court Protocol of the Queen's Sericulture Ceremony 친잠의괴
- recorded 기록하다
- pluck 깃털(머리털)을 잡아뽑다. 잡아뜯다/(잡초)뽑아내다/(열매등을)따다
- Crown Princess 세자비
- grand crown princess 세손비(태자비)
- Hyebin 혜빈
- court ladies 궁녀, 나인
- 침잠의궤: 영조의 계비 정순왕후가 선잠단에서 제사지내는 선잠제와 친히 누에치는 친잠례 내용을 기록한 책
- 영조-사도세자(혜경궁홍씨=혜빈)-정조
- 사마천의 사기: 상고시대의 오제~한나라 무제 사이의 역사(춘추시대: 주가 수도를 옮긴 bc 770~bc 403 사이/ 전국시대: bc 403 ~진이 통일하기 전 bc 221 까지)
## The Queen’s Sericulture Ceremony
As you walk along the path to the right of the Heungbokjeon site and around Hyangwonji Pond, where Hyangwonjeong Pavilion stands, you will notice several mulberry trees.
These trees are not just part of the landscape. They are closely connected to one of the most symbolic royal rituals of the Joseon Dynasty — the Queen’s Sericulture Ceremony.
In an agricultural society like Joseon, silk was an extremely valuable product. For this reason, both kings and queens took part in farming-related rituals to emphasize its importance.
Just as the king sometimes performed symbolic farming in the fields, the queen also took part in raising silkworms and producing silk.
Through these ceremonies, the royal family encouraged the entire nation to emphasize the importance of agriculture and textile production.
The importance of silk production had deep cultural roots. In many villages, people worshipped Xi Ling, a legendary figure believed to have first taught humans how to raise silkworms. The royal court also held formal rituals at special altars dedicated to sericulture.
One of the most detailed records of this practice is found in the Royal Protocol of the Queen’s Sericulture Ceremony, describing an event held at Gyeongbokgung Palace in 1767.
During the ceremony, after performing a ritual to honor the mythical origin of sericulture, the queen symbolically picked mulberry leaves from five branches.
Crown Princess Hyebin and the Grand Crown Princess followed by picking leaves from seven branches, while court ladies and wives of high-ranking officials gathered leaves from nine branches.
Although symbolic, this act carried an important message.
It reminded the court and the people that silk production was not only an economic activity, but also a responsibility shared by the entire society — from the queen to the court ladies.
2025년 1월 24일 금요일
일본여행 준비
일본 입국 변경사항🇯🇵 Visit Japan Web 등록 방법 ✈️ VJW 완전정복 2025🫡 - YouTube
일본여행 일본어 회화 공항편 | 여행회화 기초 공항에서 알면 좋은 표현들
공항에서 필요한 일본어 회화 총정리✈️🧳 | 일본여행전 필수(설명포함)
일본 입국신고서 및 세관신고서 종이 서류 작성 방법 (당일치기 포함)
일본 출입국 절차 실제로 공개 ~출발 전에 시청 필수~ 우츠이히로시 의 슬기로운 한국이민생활
[스마트 여행 꿀팁] 후쿠오카에서 우버택시로 호텔~공항 무료로 온 후기 + 추천코드 vs 프로모션코드, #일본여행 시 가장 유용한 여행용 카드는? #후쿠오카여행 - YouTube
2025년 1월 17일 금요일
6. 경회루
6.경회루
[]Gyeonghoeru Pavilion
To the west of Gangnyeongjeon Hall (the king’s living quarters) and Gyeotaejeon Hall (the queen’s living quarters) stands Gyeonghoeru Pavilion.
From behind Sujeongjeon Hall, visitors can see the full view of Gyeonghoeru and its surrounding pond.
Gyeonghoeru was used for large royal banquets. At first, there was a small pavilion without a name from the early days of the dynasty. However, when it started to tilt, King Taejong of Joseon moved it to the west in the 12th year of his reign (1412) and built a larger pavilion in its place.
At that time, the swampy land around it was changed into a large rectangular artificial pond, measuring about 128 meters wide and 113 meters long. The new pavilion was then named Gyeonghoeru.
“Gyeonghoeru” literally means happy and formal gatherings between the king and his officials.
Ha Ryun explained it like this:
He said that Confucius once answered Duke Ai of Lu (who ruled during the Zhou Dynasty, around 494–467 B.C.) that good government depends on the people, and that a wise ruler must choose the right officials. Without this, true and successful gatherings are not possible.
Taejong of Joseon originally built Gyeonghoeru Pavilion to entertain foreign envoys. However, later kings also used it for many purposes, such as royal banquets for officials who had served the country well, and rain-making rituals during severe droughts.
Along the restored east wall of Gyeonghoeru Pavilion, there are three gates: Igyeonmun, Hamhongmun, and Jasimun.
If you think there is nothing more to see because you already saw the front of Gyeonghoeru from the north side of Sujeongjeon Hall, that is not true.
Buildings are best understood and enjoyed when you see them from the same place and viewpoint as the people who used them in the past saw them.
The high walls around Gyeonghoeru make the pavilion feel solemn and dignified.
Among the three bridges leading to Gyeonghoeru Pavilion, the southernmost bridge connected to Igyeonmun Gate was the king’s bridge because it alone had a special path for the king.
Stone animal statues are carved on the posts of the three bridges, and they were believed to drive away evil spirits.
Especially on the post of the northernmost bridge connected to Jasimun Gate, there is a carving of Bulgasari.
Bulgasari is a mythical lucky animal believed to protect the country from foreign invasions and fires by eating iron and swallowing fire.
On the bridge posts and the pavilion pillars, you can still see bullet marks from the Korean War, which began on June 25, 1950.
Many people believe the story that Gyeonghoeru Pavilion survived the terrible war because the Bulgasaris fought with all their strength against the fire during the war.
- Even though we already knew that Bulgasari was a supernatural animal that could control fire, we came to appreciate Bulgasari once again for its loyalty to the country.
- The bullet marks scattered on the pillars supporting Gyeonghoeru Pavilion were roughly covered with cement.
The pavilion is supported by 48 huge stone pillars. The pillars use the “minheullim” style, meaning the upper parts are made slightly narrower. The outer pillars are square, while the inner pillars are round.
During a large renovation in the reign of King Seongjong in 1474, dragon carvings with flower decorations were added to the stone pillars.
People said that the reflections of the dragons looked as if they were moving in the soft blue waves and playing hide-and-seek among the red lotus flowers. Foreign envoys from the Ryukyu Kingdom, present-day Okinawa, were amazed by the beautiful and mysterious scene.
Small waves gently touch the stone stairs of the island where Gyeonghoeru Pavilion stands.
In 1997, during work to clean and deepen the pond, a bronze dragon statue was discovered.
According to Gyeonghoeru Jeondo, a collection of records and plans about the construction of Gyeonghoeru Pavilion, Regent Heungseon Daewongun, the biological father of King Gojong, placed two bronze dragons in the northern part of the pond when he restored the palace. Instead of remaking the dragon carvings on the pillars, he used the bronze dragons to prevent fire.
This idea came from the traditional theory of the “Five Elements” — fire, water, wood, metal, and earth. According to this theory, the five elements either help or overcome one another. Since melted metal was believed to create water, and water defeats fire, bronze dragons were placed in the pond to protect the palace from fire.
To the western side of the pond, two small artificial islets with pine trees were created to help the water circulate and prevent it from becoming stagnant.
Records say that the dethroned King, Prince Yeonsangun of Joseon, built an artificial mound and decorated it with gold, silver, and silk objects.
While hundreds of gisaeng, professional female entertainers called “heungcheong,” performed music, he moved through the scene in a large golden dragon-shaped boat.
Going up the small wooden staircase, you can see the flowing rooflines of various buildings through the decorated window frames.
Looking to the west, the rounded yet powerful shape of Mount Inwang resembles the famous painting Inwang jeoksakdo (Clearing After Rain on Mt. Inwang) by Jeong Seon (1676–1759), whose pen name was Gyeomjae.
To the north, Mount Bugak rises proudly with its dignified presence.
Before the tall buildings of today’s Sejongno Street existed, one can imagine how the view of Mount Namsan must have appeared through the beautifully decorated window frames.
People who were not invited could not even look over the high wall from outside.
A low-ranking official named Gu Jong-Jik managed to sneak into the pavilion.
While on night duty, he was so amazed by the beauty that he secretly entered the pavilion and ended up in front of King Sejong.
He begged the king for forgiveness. Instead of punishing him, King Sejong told him to sing and recite a Chinese history book.
Without hesitation, Gu Jong-Jik recited it fluently and sang well, which satisfied the king.
King Sejong was so impressed by his talent and dedication that he gave him an unusual promotion to junior fifth rank, skipping seven ranks at once. Normally, this would have taken about ten years.
- rear 뒤쪽/ 뒤쪽의/ 기르다, 양육하다, 앞다리를 들어올리며 서다
- relocate 재배치하다
- state banquet 국빈 만찬
- 작은 규모의 이름없는 누각
- measure 측정하다,(치수.길이 양 등이)..이다
- width 가로/ length 세로
- 128 meters wide and 113 meters long. 가로 약 128미터, 세로 약 113미터
- felicitous (행동, 표현이)적절한/ 행복한
- subject 주제 /학과,과목/대상/주어/국민,신하
- interpret ~을 설명하다/ 통역하다
- governance 통치, 지배
- competent 유능한
- competence 능력
- compete 경쟁하다
- with a view to ~을 위하여
- entertaine 접대하다
- envoy 사절, 외교관
- meritorious 칭찬할 만한
- Confucius 공자(기원전 551–479년, 고대 중국의 철학자이자 교육자)
- Duke Ai of Lu (아이공, 기원전 494–467년)는 중국 주나라(Zhou Dynasty) 시기의 노나라(Lu) 출신의 군주입니다. 그는 유교의 창시자인 공자(Confucius)와 동시대 인물로, 공자가 그에게 여러 가지 정치적 조언을 했다고 전해집니다.
- Duke Ai of Lu에서 Lu는 중국 고대의 노나라(魯國)를 말합니다.
- Lu (魯) = 노나라
- 위치: 현재 중국 산둥성(Shandong) 지역
- 공자(Confucius)가 태어난 나라로도 유명합니다.
- 그래서 Duke Ai of Lu = 노나라 애공 (노나라의 군주)
- Ha Ryun (하륜)은 조선 왕조의 학자이자 정치가였으며, 태종(King Taejong)과 세종(King Sejong) 시대에 활동한 인물입니다.
- supernatural 불가사의한, 초자연적인
- auspicious 상서로운
- install 설치하다
- carving 조각품, 새긴무늬/조각술
- solemn and dignified. 엄숙하고 위엄함
- credence 신빙성/ 믿음(신임)
- severity 가혹, 엄격, 심함
- 전쟁의 가혹함에서 살아남다
- with every fiber of one's body 전신으로, 온몸으로
- wall 벽, 담
- 이견문, 함홍문, 자시문
- As a rule 대체로, 일반적으로
- architecture 건축, 건축양식, 건축물(술)
- architect 건축가
- architect 설계하다
- perspective 원경, 조망, 경치/ 투시도, 원근법/ 전망, 견해, 관점
- 그 공간을 이용하는 사람들의 관점에서 바라보아야만 그 진정성과 아름다움을 제대로 이해할 수 있다는 점을 강조
- wavelet 잔물결
- lap 무릎/ 찰싹찰싹 치다
- islet 작은섬
- pillar 기둥
- loft 다락, (교회등의) 위층
- adorn 꾸미다, 장식하다
- sculpture 조각(술, 품)
- wriggle 꿈틀거리다
- lotus 연
- exclaim 외치다
- wondrous 놀라운, 불가사의한
- wondrous sight 놀라운 광경
- dredge 준설하다
- sculpture 조각(술, 품)
- compilation [kὰmpəléiʃən] 편집, 편찬/모음집
- restore 회복시키다/ 복원하다
- recreate (과거에 존재하던 것을)되살리다(재현하다)
- measure
- 측정하다
- 치수, 측정/ (꽤믾은)양, 정도/ 수단, 조치
- professional entertaining women
- 직업 접대부
- thread (실 등을)꿰다, (좁은 공간을)요리조리 빠져나가다
- thread his way ..을 헤치고 나아가다
- extravagantly 사치스럽게
- ornate 지나치게 장식한
- spitting image 꼭닮음
- greenish 녹색을 띤
- venue for grand state banquets
- literally means felicitous gatherings(경사스러운 모임)
- entertaining foreign envoys, holding royal banquets for meritorious officials, performing rain calling rituals in time of extreme drought./entertaining즐겁게하다.대접 (환대)하다/ royal 왕의, 왕실의, 황실의/ meritorious 칭찬할만한
- Carved bulgasari is on the newel post of the northernmost bridge.
- bulgasari - mythological auspicious animal that defends the country from foreign invasions and fires by chewing iron and swallowing fire./
- Bullet marks are on the posts of the bridges and on the pillars of the pavilion,
- 48 stone pillar/ outer ones are square/ inner ones are cylindrical.
- in 1997, in the course of dredging the pond, a bronze dragon sculpture was excavated. According to the documents about the pavilion's construction and the floor plan, Regent Heungseon, who was the biological father of king Gojong, dropped two bronze dragons to prevent fires in the north part of the pond.
- meritorious 칭찬할만한 메러토리어스
- course 진행/ 진로/ 과정
- compilation 편찬, 편집 , 모음 캄퍼레이션 compile
- felicitous 적절한/경사스러운/행복한 필리서터스
- floor plan 평면도
- enrapture 황홀하게하다
- drop 떨어지다/떨어뜨리다
- drip
- newel post (계단의 맨위와 맨 아래에 있는)중심기둥, 엄지기둥 : the post at the top or bottom of a flight of stairs that supports the handrail (flight 계단 층계)
## Gyeonghoeru: The Royal Banquet Hall
Before you stands Gyeonghoeru Pavilion, the largest and most magnificent pavilion in Gyeongbokgung Palace, built in the middle of a large artificial pond and used as the royal banquet hall of the Joseon Dynasty.
This was where kings welcomed foreign envoys, celebrated important national events, and rewarded officials who had served the kingdom well.
The pavilion stands on forty-eight massive stone pillars rising from the water.
When lotus flowers covered the pond in summer, visitors described the scene as a floating palace.
## The King's Bridge and the Legend of Bulgasari
Among the three bridges leading to the pavilion, one bridge was reserved exclusively for the king.
No official, no prince, and no guest could use the royal pathway.
Look closely at the stone posts along the bridges.
You will see carvings of mythical creatures.
The most famous is Bulgasari.
According to Korean folklore, Bulgasari could eat iron and swallow fire.
People believed it protected buildings from fire and defended the kingdom from disasters.
During the Korean War, fierce fighting reached Seoul.
If you look carefully at the stone pillars of Gyeonghoeru, you can still find bullet marks left by the war.
Many Koreans enjoy telling a local legend:
Although bullets struck the pavilion, Bulgasari protected it from destruction and prevented it from burning down.
Of course, this is only folklore—but it is one of the stories that gives Gyeonghoeru its special character.
## Dragons Beneath the Water
In 1997, workers cleaning the pond made a surprising discovery.
They found a bronze dragon statue resting beneath the water.
Historical records explain why it was there.
When Heungseon Daewongun restored Gyeongbokgung in the nineteenth century, he placed bronze dragons in the pond.
The reason comes from the traditional East Asian theory of the Five Elements:
Water defeats fire.
Since dragons were closely associated with water, they were placed here as symbolic guardians protecting the palace from fire.
So while visitors admire the beautiful pond above, a dragon was believed to be guarding the palace below.
## A Golden Dragon Boat and a Lucky Official
Not every story about Gyeonghoeru is serious.
One of the most extravagant comes from the reign of Yeonsangun.
Historical records describe lavish entertainments around the pavilion.
Artificial hills were decorated with gold, silver, and silk.
Hundreds of entertainers performed music and dance.
The king himself reportedly rode across the pond in a magnificent boat shaped like a golden dragon.
It must have looked like a scene from a fantasy film.
Yet the most beloved story here belongs to another king: Sejong the Great.
One night, a low-ranking official named Gu Jong-jik became curious about Gyeonghoeru's beauty.
Officials were not allowed to enter freely, but he secretly slipped inside while on duty.
Unfortunately, King Sejong was there.
Gu Jong-jik expected severe punishment.
Instead, the king asked him to sing and recite passages from a Chinese history book.
Gu performed so well that King Sejong was impressed.
Rather than punishing him, the king promoted him seven ranks at once.
A promotion like that could normally take many years.
It remains one of the most famous stories showing King Sejong's ability to recognize talent wherever he found it.
As you look across the water today, Gyeonghoeru is not just a beautiful pavilion.
It is a place of royal banquets, kings' bridges, fire-eating monsters, hidden dragons, golden boats, bullet scars from war, and unexpected stories of human talent.
That combination of history and legend is what makes Gyeonghoeru unforgettable.
5. 수정전
5.수정전
[]Sujeongjeon Hall
- If you pass by Cheonchujeon in the Sajeongjeon Hall area and go through a small exit next to the Cheonjago storage, you'll come across a large open space in the west of Gyeongbokgung.
- To the south of the grand two-story pavilion, Gyeonghoeru, there's a hall called Sujeongjeon.
- Around here, There was also Jiphyeonjeon during the early Joseon period, which served as not only a center for academic, scientific, and artistic research, but also as the important government office during King Sejong's reign.
- It was where the Korean alphabet, known as Hunminjeongeum (the original name for Hangeul), was created in the 25th year of King Sejong's reign (1443).
- Also, many scientific instruments, such as sundials (Angbuilgu) and water clocks (Jagyeokru), were invented by Jang Yeong-sil, and a style of royal music called Aak was created and improved by Bak Yeon for royal rituals and court ceremonies.
To the south of Sujeongjeon Hall, there was a water clock pavilion called Borugak, where the water clock(Jagyeokru) was installed and used to measure the time of day.
In the western part of the palace, there was also an astronomical observatory called Ganuidae. There, scholars used an observation device called Ganui to observe astronomical phenomena.
During the reconstruction of Gyeongbokgung Palace in the reign of King Gojong, Sujeongjeon Hall was newly built near the former Jiphyeonjeon Hall area. For a time, it was used as an additional council hall. Later, it became the Office of National and Military Affairs, and eventually the Cabinet building.
The high and wide stone platform of Sujeongjeon Hall shows that the building was very important.
On the east and west sides of the hall, you can still see stones with grooves. These are remains of the corridors that once connected Sujeongjeon to the west building of Sajeongjeon Hall(the royal council hall) and to the east building of Daejeonjangbang, where the royal eunuchs stayed.
During the Japanese colonial period, Sujeongjeon was used as an exhibition hall.
Later, in 1966, it became a folk art showroom and later grew into today’s National Folk Museum of Korea.
- 수정전은 세종때 집현전으로 사용되었고, 임진왜란때 소실된 것을 1867(고종4)에 재건하면서 수정전이라 명명했다. 재건당시 주변에 약 200칸의 행각과 전각이 들어서 있었는데 궐내각사 라고 불렸으며, 1910년 모두 헐렸다. 1894~96년 갑오경장때 군국기무처로 사용되었다.
- operate 운영하다, 영업하다, 수술하다/ 자: 운영되다
- academic 학문의. 학원의
- cradle 요람
- script 대본, 글씨(체). 문자
- instruct 지시하다, 가르치다
- sort 종류
- create 창조하다
- invent 발명하다
- organize 조직하다, 체계화하다
- Organized는 체계적으로 정리하다는 의미로, 여러 부분을 구성하거나 정리하여 체계를 만든다는 느낌입니다. 예를 들어, 무질서한 것을 정리하거나 순서를 정할 때 사용됩니다.
- 예: "The documents were organized by date." (문서들이 날짜별로 정리되었다.)
- integrate 통합하다, 집대성하다
- Consolidate 통합하다(집대성하다)
- "integrated"는 여러 요소를 하나로 결합하는 데 중점을 두지만, 완성된 형태로 만드는 뉘앙스를 담고 있지는 않습니다.
- "집대성"은 보통 모은 것들을 하나로 통합하여 완성된 시스템이나 형태로 만드는 것을 의미합니다. 이에 비해 **"integrated"는 결합하는 과정에 초점을 맞추며, 반드시 "완성된" 형태를 의미하지는 않으므로 이경우 Consolidate가 더 적절하다
- 아악(Aak)'은 한국 전통 음악의 한 장르로, 주로 궁중 의식과 왕실 의례에서 연주되던 정통 음악입니다. 아악은 중국에서 시작되어 고구려와 백제를 거쳐 신라에 전해졌고, 이후 조선 시대에 특히 왕실과 궁중에서 중요한 역할을 했습니다.
- 조선시대 박연은 아악(Aak)의 발전에 중요한 역할을 한 인물입니다. 박연은 아악의 체계화(organized)와 집대성(Consolidated)을 이끌었던 인물로, 특히 궁중 의례에서 중요한 역할을 했습니다. 박연은 아악을 조선 왕실의 의례에 맞게 정리하고 조직화하며, 이를 체계적인 음악 체계로 정립한 인물로 평가받고 있습니다.
- astronomical 천문(학)의/(숫자. 거리 등이)천문학적인, 방대한
- observatory 관측소, 천문대. 기상대
- equipment 장비/ 장비 설치 (비)instrument
- compound 명사 [ˈkɒmpaʊnd; 美 ˈkɑːm-] 복합체/ 화합물, 혼합물/ (큰 건물이나 시설따위의)구내
- council 회의/ 의회/ 위원회
- council hall 편전(왕과 신하들이 모여 회의를 하던 곳)
- serve as ~의 역할을 하다
- the Office of the National and Military Affairs administration (갑오경장때)군국기무처
- administer 관리하다(운영하다)/ 집행다다/ (정식적으로)주다, 부여하다/ (약을)투여하다
- administration 관리(행정)(업무)/집행/(미국의)행정부/투여
- Cabinet building 내각청사
- successively 잇따라서
- For a time 한동안, 얼마동안, 잠시
- status (법적)신분/ (사회적)지위
- grooved 홈이있는, 홈이 팬
- groove 홈/ 홈을 파다
- eunuch 내시, 환관
- exhibition [èksəbíʃən] 전시
- folk art showroom 민속예술전시관
- National Folk Museum 국립민속박물관
- folk (일반적인)사람들/ (비격식)여러분/ 가족, 부모/ 민속, 민족,민중,서민/민속의/ 민속 음악의
- predecessor [prédəsèsər] 전임자/ 전신
- National Folk Museum.국립 민속 박물관
- showroom 전시실, 전시관
- 복권도형: 1907년 제작된 것으로 추정/ 수정전 주변이 행각으로 둘러쌓여 있었고 수정전 좌우측으로 복도를 내어 주변 행각과 연결되었음을 알 수 있다.(제작의 동기나 목적에 대해서는 알려진 바 없음)
## Sujeongjeon Hall
As you stand in front of Sujeongjeon Hall, take a moment to look around.
Just beyond Sujeongjeon Hall, you can see Gyeonghoeru Pavilion standing above its large pond.
Long before the present building was constructed, this area was home to Jiphyeonjeon, the Hall of Worthies, a royal research institute established during the reign of King Sejong.
It became one of the most important scholarly institutions of the Joseon Dynasty, where leading scholars studied history, science, literature, and government while advising the king on important matters of state.
Jiphyeonjeon became the center of some of the greatest intellectual achievements of the Joseon Dynasty.
Most famously, the Korean alphabet Hunminjeongeum, known today as Hangeul, was created in 1443.
Jiphyeonjeon was not only a place of learning, but also a place of invention and creativity. Scholars developed scientific instruments such as sundials and water clocks, while also improving the court music performed during royal ceremonies.
Nearby stood Borugak, a pavilion that housed an automatic water clock, and Ganuidae, an astronomical observatory where scholars observed the movements of the sun, moon, and stars.
However, the original buildings of Jiphyeonjeon were lost when Gyeongbokgung Palace was destroyed during the Japanese invasions of the late sixteenth century.
The Sujeongjeon Hall you see today was built much later during the reconstruction of Gyeongbokgung Palace under King Gojong in the nineteenth century.
Afterward, Sujeongjeon Hall served several important functions. It was first used as a royal council hall, later became the Office of National and Military Affairs, and eventually served as the cabinet office of the Korean Empire.
Its importance can still be seen in the building itself.
The large stone platform beneath Sujeongjeon Hall reflects the prominent role it played within the palace.
If you look carefully to the east and west sides of the hall, you can still see stones with carved grooves. These are traces of covered corridors that once connected Sujeongjeon Hall with neighboring palace buildings.
During the Japanese colonial period, Sujeongjeon Hall was used as an exhibition space.
Later, the building became part of a folk art museum and eventually contributed to the development of today's National Folk Museum of Korea.
Today, Sujeongjeon may look like just another palace building.
But this area was once home to scholars, inventors, and government officials who helped shape Korean history.
[]The Government Offices Inside the Palace
On this site, there were many small government offices inside Gyeongbokgung Palace.
Many government offices were located outside the palace along the Street of Six Ministries in front of Gwanghwamun Gate. However, some offices were also placed inside the palace so they could assist the king close at hand.
One of them was Hongmungwan, also called Okdang, which served as the king’s special advisory office.
Seungjeongwon was the Royal Secretariat, and Bincheong was the room where government ministers met and waited.
As for the military offices, Seonjeongwancheong was in charge of the Royal Guards.
Dochongbu was the office responsible for the palace security.
There were also Daejeonjangbang, where the eunuchs serving the king stayed, and Naebanwon, the office that supervised them.
Saongwon was responsible for preparing food for the royal family and managing royal dining vessels.
Gwansanggam managed Ganuidae, the astronomical observatory, and Borugak, the water clock pavilion.
Naeuiwon was the Royal Clinic.
There were also many other offices that managed royal seals, tents, palanquins, and horses.
- However, during the Japanese colonial period, most of the palace offices disappeared, leaving only Sujeongjeon Hall behind.
- According to the restoration plan, the palace offices will be restored in the future.
- tend ~하는 경향이 있다/ 돌보다. 간호하다
- look after 돌보다, 관리하다
- casual visitors 일반 방문객, 가벼운 방문객
- tender 제출하다. 제공하다
- decent (질이)괜찮은, 품위있는
- gorgeous 아름다운, 아주멋진/ 화려한
- cornelian cherry 산수유
- array 배열하다. 배치하다
- arrange 마련하다. (일을)주선하다/ 정리.배열하다/ 편곡하다
- Administrative offices (행정 사무소), Government offices (정부 기관), Various organizations (다양한 조직들)
- administrative 관리상의(행정상의)
- administrative offices 행정실
- Government Offices 관공서
- organizations 조직/ 단체/ 기구
- 홍문관(King's special advisory office)
- 왕의 특별 자문 기관
- 삼사: 홍문관, 사헌부, 사간원
- 사간원: 국왕에 대한 간쟁과 논박을 담당(조선시대 언론을 담당했던 기관)
- Royal Secretariat 왕의 비서실(현 대통령 비서실)
- Secretariat 비서실, 사무국/ 비서실 직원, 사무국원
- 도승지(승정원의 수장, 지금의 비서실장)
- 승정원 ㅡ 임금의 비서기관(지금의 대통령 비서실)
- 빈청(장관 회의실)ㅡ근정전 서남의 승정원 남쪽에 위치
- 3정승, 비변사 당상관, 즉 정2품 이상의 고위관직자들이 정기적으로 회의함
- 선정관청- 왕의 측근에서 왕을 호위하고 명령을 하달
- 조선국왕의 경호실
- 도총부(오위도총부)
- 중앙군 오위를 감독
- 중앙의 최고 군사 기관
- Royal Guard 왕실호위
- palace security 궁궐 경비
- Palace Grrison 궁궐 수비대
- Garrison 수비대, 주둔군
- attend on 돌보다
- Naebanwon 내반원(=내시부)
- vessels 선박/ 그릇(용기)
- manage 관리하다
- clinic 병원.클리닉/ (병원내의)과/ 상담소/ 임상강의
- seal 봉인하다,폐쇄하다/ 직인, 인장
- seal 물개
- palanquin 1인승 가마, 탈것( a covered litter, formerly used in the Orient, carried on the shoulders of four men
- litter 들것, 운반차
- tear down 허물다/ 파괴하다
- occupation 직업/ 점령(기간)
- phases 단계(시기/국면)/ 상(모습)
## The Government Offices of Gyeongbokgung
As you walk from Sujeongjeon Hall toward Yeongchumun Gate, the western gate of Gyeongbokgung Palace, you will see wide grassy areas shaded by many trees.
Today, this area feels like a peaceful park. In spring, the blooming cornelian cherry trees and cherry blossoms make it one of the most beautiful parts of the palace.
However, several centuries ago, this was not a garden at all.
This area was once filled with government offices that supported the daily operation of the royal court.
While many government ministries were located outside the palace near Gwanghwamun Gate, some offices were built inside the palace so that officials could assist the king more quickly and directly.
Among them was Hongmungwan, the royal advisory office where scholars provided guidance and reviewed important state documents.
Nearby stood Seungjeongwon, the Royal Secretariat, which delivered the king's orders and handled official communication.
There were also offices responsible for palace security, royal medicine, astronomy, timekeeping, food preparation, and many other aspects of palace life.
Together, these offices formed the administrative heart of the palace, supporting both the king and the government every day.
Most of these buildings disappeared during the Japanese colonial period, leaving only Sujeongjeon Hall standing today.
According to current restoration plans, many of the former palace offices may one day be reconstructed, helping visitors better understand how this important part of Gyeongbokgung once looked.
- the blooming cornelian cherry 만개한 산수유 나무
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