2. 영재교

2.Crossing Yeongjegyo Bridge

[]Entering Heungnyemun Gate

1. Up to now, we have looked at the outside of Gwanghwamun Gate, the Street of Six Ministries, Yukjo-geori. Shall we now go into the palace through Heungnyemun Gate? Heungnyemun is the second south gate of Gyeongbokgung Palace. At first, it was called Hongnyemun, but during King Gojong's reign, it was changed to Heungnyemun. Using the character 'hong', the same character as Emperor Qianlong's name, Hong Li in Qing Dynasty of China was considered improper.

• Qianlong 청 건륭제(1735~95)

1. Now, we can find the sculptures placed on the staircase of Heungnyemun which are conspicuously showing mythical animals, haechi, described in Record of Rarities or Odd Things.

• sculptures 조각(품)
• sculptor 조각
• sculpt  조각하다
• conspicuously 눈에 띄게, 두두러지게
• mythical 신화속에 나오는/ 가공의 
• Record of Rarities or Odd Things 이물지(異物誌)

1. After we enter Heungnyemun, we can see Yuhwamun Gate across Yeongjegyo Bridge on the left. There were the offices inside the palace beyond Yuhwamun. At the space between Geunjeongmun Gate and Heungnyemun Gate, the royal court held not only a regular audience but also conducted cross examination on felony and promulgated the king's messages. Therefore, govenment officials needed a gate which they could frequent without a hitch, and Yuhwamun played the role. 

• regular audience 조회
• audience 청중/ 접견
• cross examination 반대 심문
• examination 시험/ 조사
• felony 중죄 
• misdemeanor 경범죄
• promulgated 반포하다
• frequent (특정장소에)자주다니다
• hitch (지나가는 차를)얻어타다. 편승하다/ (갈고리 등을)걸다

                     걸림, 장애

1. A small room on the right side of Yuhwamun is news reporting office, Gibyeolcheong.
2. The dictionary definition of 'gibeol' (기별) refers to sending news to someone in another location.
3. The 'Gibeolcheong' was the place where the 'Jobo' (or 'Gibeolji'), a government bulletin issued by the Seungjeongwon, was published during the Joseon Dynasty. The Seungjeongwon was an institution equivalent to the modern presidential office. 
4. The Seungjeongwon officials(주서-정 7품 및 가주서) issued the gibeolji, a government bulletin, based on events that took place from the previous afternoon to that morning. 
5. Every morning, the gibeolseori (기별서리), who were sent from various government offices(각 관청) to Gibeolcheong, would copy down the messages related to their offices and bring them back. The handwriting used by the gibeolseori, known as 'gibeolche' (기별체), was a rushed and simplified style, which differed from regular Chinese characters because it had to be written quickly. 
6. To local governments, several days' worth of messages were sent at once through a special courier called gibyul gunsa (기별군사).
7. The gibeolji contained various news, mainly including articles about the king's orders, petitions submitted to the king, the king's responses, personnel changes in the government, and dates for the civil service exams. 
8. In an era when information transmission was extremely limited, the gibeolji was a precious medium for accessing the official news of the government. Therefore, many people sought to obtain the gibeolji.
9. During the reign of King Seonjo, some people took advantage of this situation to make money by printing and selling gibeoljis in movable type. While many found it convenient to obtain the gibeolji easily, one person—King Seonjo—was not pleased about this. As a result, those involved in printing and selling the gibeolji were apprehended and punished. This incident revealed King Seonjo's intent to control and restrict information, and afterward, the gibeolji was circulated secretly. The gibeolji continued to circulate until the late Joseon period, and it disappeared from history with the publication of the modern government bulletin during the Gabo Reform.

• government bulletin 관보/ 
• bulletin 고시, 공고
• 갑오개혁때 근대적 관보의 발행과 더불어 사라졌다. 
• In the office, the clerks wrote about issues of the state affairs, which were handled by the Royal Secretariat, and distributed them every five day, and this was called 'news or gibyeol'. The news was distributed in the morning. so it was called ' the morning news or jobo'. The officials of govenment departments located on the Street of Six Ministries visited the news reporting office and copied down the news related to their offices; and to local governments, the news was sent through express messenger. 
• Royal Secretariat 승정원(왕명의 출납을 관장하던 관청/승정원의 업무를 일기 형식으로 기록한 승정원일기는 역사 연구의 좋은 자료/ 도승지, 좌승지, 우승지 , 좌부승지, 우부승지, 동부승지 6명이 6방의 사무를 분담함/청와대의 비서실에 해당)

[]Yeongjegyo Bridge and Mythical Animals

 

1. After we enter Heungnyemun, we need to cross a stone bridge over a small stream before we get to the core of the palace. 
2. This is Yeongjegyo Bridge over Yeongjecheon Stream. When we go to a Buddhist temple, we have to cross a stream to purify our mind before entering Buddha's world. Just like a temple, the stone bridge is there to calm ourselves down and to forbid outsiders from trespassing. The palace was a sacred area where the kings expanded politics, thus Yeongjegyo was a symbolic Boundary that distinguished the king's area from the general public's. Moreover, Yeongjecheon Stream was made to flow from the west to the east as a propitious waterway based on a notion of auspicious pungsu(#Fengshui in Chinese), of which landscape had a mountain in the back and a stream in the front. Under the bridge were constructed two arches, and On the upper part of the bridge, a three-pathway layout was created, with the central path reserved for the king.
3. #Fengshui is a traditional philosophy developed in ancient China that focuses on the arrangement of physical spaces—like homes, offices, or landscapes—to influence the flow of energy, or qi. This energy flow is believed to affect health, wealth, and overall well-being. The goal of fengshui is to balance elements like water, wood, fire, earth, and metal, as well as the orientation of buildings and spaces, to attract positive energy and promote good fortune

• trespassing 무단출입하다
• expanded politics 정치를 펼치다
• general public 일반대중
• propitious  [prəˈpɪʃəs] 상서로운, 길조의, 행운의; <날씨·경우 등이> 좋은, 알맞은
• auspicious 상서로운, 길조의 
• ominous 징조가 안좋운, 불길한
• based on ~에 근거하여
• notion 개념, 생각
• three-lane road 삼도/ 삼차선 도로

  

1. There are four stone beasts fiercely watching the waterway along the stone embankments of Yeongjecheon Stream. They are squatting down as if ready to jump into the water, guarding the palace from any bad energy flowing through the waterway. In the #Record of Gyeongbokgung Palace Excursion, written during the reign of King Yeongjo, these stone beasts are referred to as 'cheollok'. Cheollok is described in the #Houhanshu as a mythical animal with the body of a unicorn and scales, known for its ability to repel evil.
2. #Record of Gyeongbokgung Palace Excursion is a historical text that records an excursion to Gyeongbokgung Palace, the main royal palace of the Joseon Dynasty in Korea. It was written during the King Yeongjo period (18th century) and provides a detailed account of the palace, its structures, and the surrounding landscape. This record is important because it offers insights into the architectural and cultural significance of Gyeongbokgung as well as the royal life and ceremonial practices during the Joseon Dynasty.
3. #Houhanshu (後漢書, Book of the Later Han) is a historical text that covers the history of the Eastern Han Dynasty (25–220 AD) in China. It was written by the historian Fan Ye during the 5th century, around 445 AD. The text is part of the Twenty-Four Histories, a collection of Chinese historical writings that chronicle the history of various dynasties.

• stone beast 석수
• beast 짐승, 야수
• embankments 둑, 제방
• Excursion [ikskə́ːrʒən] (짧은)여행, 유람, 견학
• Houhanshu 후한서
• mythical 신화속에 나오는, 가공의
• myth 신화
• mythic 신화적인
• scaled 비늘이 있는, 비늘모양의
• scale 규모/ 등급/ 저울/ 눈금/ 음계/ 비늘
• is known for ~로 알려지다

1. By the way, how can it subdue the evil with such mischievous expression! It is watching the stream for sure, but its tongue is sticking out as if it is teasing the evil. The stone carver must had a great sense of humor, interpreting the owner of the palace as cute and playful animal. "Tut, tut!"

• subdue 진압하다
• mischievous 짖궂은, 장난치기 좋아하는, (눈빛, 태도등이)장난기 어린
• expression 표현, 표정
• stick out one's tongue 메롱하고 혀를 내밀다
• stick it out 끝까지 포기 않고 하다
• stick to it 착 달라붙다
• teasing 놀리다
• stone carver 석공
• sense of humor 유머 감각
• interprete  통역하다/

                             (..의 뜻으로)..을 해석(이해)하다

                                They interpreted her silence as concession 

                                그녀의 침묵을 양보의 뜻으로 풀이했다

                             ..을 설명하다

• playful 장난기 많은, 놀기 좋아하는

1. The Heungnyemun compound, which was damaged for the construction of the Japanese Government-General building during the Japanese occupation, was restored in 2001. As it was restored, a waterway flowing through the palace was also recovered. Even though the waterway looks restored, it was only reconstructed superficially. We canot say that it was restored in the real sense as all the sources of the waterway were thoroughly blocked during the Japanese occupation. Only when it rains a lot, it serves as a stream. Then the water does not flow naturally, sometimes the standing water easily gets so muddy that we feel embarrassed.

• damaged 손해(손상)을 입은
• Japanese Government-General building 조선총독부
• occupation 점령
• restore 복원하다/ (건강등을)회복하게 하다
• recover 되찾다. 회복하다
• superficially 표면적으로
• in the real sense 진정한 의미에서
• sense 감각/ (어구의)의미, 뜻
• serves as ~의 역할을 하다
• then 
• 그때
• 그리고 나서, 곧이어, 그다음에
• (논리적인 결과)그러면
• 또, 게다가(and then)
• 그러니까(지금 한 말을 요약할 때)
• 그럼(대화 진술 등의 시작이나 끝을 나타낼때)
• standing 서있는/ 멎어있는, 움직이지 않는/ (물 등이)괴어 있는
• muddy  흙탕물의, 탁한

1. However, maehwa(winter plum) and Korean cherry blossoms on the flower beds along the Yeongjecheon Stream are radiant in the early spring, and columbines and hosta longipes blossoming in time also welcome us with splendor. It would be wonderful to imagine how beautifully maewha petals used to be floating down along the clear Yeongjecheon Stream in former days. 

• Korean cherry 앵두
• radiant 빛나는
• columbines [ˈkɒləmbaɪn] 매발톱꽃
• 개화시기: 6~7월
• hosta longipes 비비추
• 개화시기: 7~8월
• blossom 꽃(이 피다)
• blossoming 개화
• bloom 꽃이 피다
• in time
• 시간에 맞춰, 늦지 않게
• 장차, 조만간
• on time 정시에
• splendor 화려함, 훌륭함
• in former days 옛날에

 

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