- Up to now, we have looked at the outside of Gwanghwamun Gate, the Street of Six Ministries, Yukjo-geori. Shall we now go into the palace through Heungnyemun Gate? Heungnyemun is the second south gate of Gyeongbokgung Palace. At first, it was called Hongnyemun, but during King Gojong's reign, it was changed to Heungnyemun. Using the character 'hong', the same character as Emperor Qianlong's name, Hong Li in Qing Dynasty of China was considered improper.
- Qianlong 청 건륭제(1735~95)
- Now, we can find the sculptures placed on the staircase of Heungnyemun which are conspicuously showing mythical animals, haechi, described in Record of Rarities or Odd Things.
- sculptures 조각(품)
- sculptor 조각
- sculpt 조각하다
- conspicuously 눈에 띄게, 두두러지게
- mythical 신화속에 나오는/ 가공의
- Record of Rarities or Odd Things 이물지(異物誌)
- After passing through Heungnyemun, we can see Yuhwamun Gate across Yeongjegyo Bridge on the left. There were government offices inside the palace beyond Yuhwamun.
- Government officials needed a gate they could use often, Yuhwamun was used for that purpose.
- In the area between Geunjeongmun Gate and Heungnyemun, the royal court not only held regular audiences but also cross-examined serious criminals and announced the king’s messages.
- regular audience 조회
- audience 청중/ 접견
- cross examination 반대 심문
- examination 시험/ 조사
- felony 중죄
- misdemeanor 경범죄
- promulgated 반포하다
- frequent (특정장소에)자주다니다
- hitch (지나가는 차를)얻어타다. 편승하다/ (갈고리 등을)걸다/걸림, 장애
- A small room on the right side of Yuhwamun is news reporting office, Gibyeolcheong.
- The dictionary definition of 'gibeol' (기별) refers to sending news to someone in another location.
- The 'Gibeolcheong' was the place where the 'Jobo' (or 'Gibeolji'), a government bulletin issued by the Seungjeongwon, was published during the Joseon Dynasty. The Seungjeongwon was an institution equivalent to the modern presidential office.
In the Joseon Dynasty, gibeolji (also called gibeol or jobo) was closer to a regular publication, almost like a daily paper. According to the Encyclopedia of Korean Culture, jobo was a kind of official bulletin made by the Royal Secretariat. It included laws, royal orders, and other notices approved each day and was sent to government offices.
So, in principle, it was published every day. However, how often people received it was different. In Seoul, people could get it almost every day. But in the provinces, about five days’ worth was often sent together. This means it was published daily, but delivery could be delayed depending on the area.
- The Seungjeongwon officials(주서-정 7품 및 가주서) issued the gibeolji, a government bulletin, based on events that took place from the previous afternoon to that morning.
- Every morning, the gibeolseori (기별서리), who were sent from various government offices(각 관청) to Gibeolcheong, would copy down the messages related to their offices and bring them back. The handwriting used by the gibeolseori, known as 'gibeolche' (기별체), was a rushed and simplified style, which differed from regular Chinese characters because it had to be written quickly.
- To local governments, several days' worth of messages were sent at once through a special courier called gibyul gunsa (기별군사).
- The gibeolji contained various news, mainly including articles about the king's orders, petitions submitted to the king, the king's responses, personnel changes in the government, and dates for the civil service exams.
- In an era when information transmission was extremely limited, the gibeolji was a precious medium for accessing the official news of the government. Therefore, many people sought to obtain the gibeolji.
- During the reign of King Seonjo, some people took advantage of this situation to make money by printing gibeoljis in movable type and selling them. While many found it convenient to obtain the gibeolji easily, one person—King Seonjo—was not pleased about this. As a result, those involved in printing and selling the gibeolji were apprehended and punished. This incident revealed King Seonjo's intent to control and restrict information, and afterward, the gibeolji was circulated secretly. The gibeolji continued to circulate until the late Joseon period, and it disappeared from history with the publication of the modern government bulletin during the Gabo Reform.
- government bulletin 관보/
- bulletin 고시, 공고
- 갑오개혁때 근대적 관보의 발행과 더불어 사라졌다.
- In the office, the clerks wrote about issues of the state affairs, which were handled by the Royal Secretariat, and distributed them every five day, and this was called 'news or gibyeol'. The news was distributed in the morning. so it was called ' the morning news or jobo'. The officials of govenment departments located on the Street of Six Ministries visited the news reporting office and copied down the news related to their offices; and to local governments, the news was sent through express messenger.
- Royal Secretariat 승정원(왕명의 출납을 관장하던 관청/승정원의 업무를 일기 형식으로 기록한 승정원일기는 역사 연구의 좋은 자료/ 도승지, 좌승지, 우승지 , 좌부승지, 우부승지, 동부승지 6명이 6방의 사무를 분담함/청와대의 비서실에 해당)
- After we enter Heungnyemun, we need to cross a stone bridge over a small stream before we get to the core of the palace.
- This is Yeongjegyo Bridge over Yeongjecheon Stream. When we go to a Buddhist temple, we have to cross a stream to purify our mind before entering Buddha's world. Just like a temple, the stone bridge is there to calm ourselves down and to forbid outsiders from trespassing. The palace was a sacred area where the kings expanded politics, thus Yeongjegyo was a symbolic Boundary that distinguished the king's area from the general public's. Moreover, Yeongjecheon Stream was made to flow from the west to the east as a propitious waterway based on a notion of auspicious pungsu(#Fengshui in Chinese), of which landscape had a mountain in the back and a stream in the front. Under the bridge were constructed two arches, and On the upper part of the bridge, a three-pathway layout was created, with the central path reserved for the king.
- #Fengshui is a traditional philosophy developed in ancient China that focuses on the arrangement of physical spaces—like homes, offices, or landscapes—to influence the flow of energy, or qi. This energy flow is believed to affect health, wealth, and overall well-being. The goal of fengshui is to balance elements like water, wood, fire, earth, and metal, as well as the orientation of buildings and spaces, to attract positive energy and promote good fortune
- trespassing 무단출입하다
- expanded politics 정치를 펼치다
- general public 일반대중
- propitious [prəˈpɪʃəs] 상서로운, 길조의, 행운의; <날씨·경우 등이> 좋은, 알맞은
- auspicious 상서로운, 길조의
- ominous 징조가 안좋운, 불길한
- based on ~에 근거하여
- notion 개념, 생각
- three-lane road 삼도/ 삼차선 도로
- There are four stone beasts fiercely watching the waterway along the stone embankments of Yeongjecheon Stream. They are squatting down as if ready to jump into the water, guarding the palace from any bad energy flowing through the waterway. In the #Record of Gyeongbokgung Palace Excursion, written during the reign of King Yeongjo, these stone beasts are referred to as 'cheollok'. Cheollok is described in the #Houhanshu as a mythical animal with the body of a unicorn and scales, known for its ability to repel evil.
- #Record of Gyeongbokgung Palace Excursion is a historical text that records an excursion to Gyeongbokgung Palace, the main royal palace of the Joseon Dynasty in Korea. It was written during the King Yeongjo period (18th century) and provides a detailed account of the palace, its structures, and the surrounding landscape. This record is important because it offers insights into the architectural and cultural significance of Gyeongbokgung as well as the royal life and ceremonial practices during the Joseon Dynasty.
- #Houhanshu (後漢書, Book of the Later Han) is a historical text that covers the history of the Eastern Han Dynasty (25–220 AD) in China. It was written by the historian Fan Ye during the 5th century, around 445 AD. The text is part of the Twenty-Four Histories, a collection of Chinese historical writings that chronicle the history of various dynasties.
- stone beast 석수
- beast 짐승, 야수
- embankments 둑, 제방
- Excursion [ikskə́ːrʒən] (짧은)여행, 유람, 견학
- Houhanshu 후한서
- mythical 신화속에 나오는, 가공의
- myth 신화
- mythic 신화적인
- scaled 비늘이 있는, 비늘모양의
- scale 규모/ 등급/ 저울/ 눈금/ 음계/ 비늘
- is known for ~로 알려지다
“At first, this little stone animal looks funny and playful, doesn’t it? Look at its face—it’s sticking out its tongue, almost like it’s teasing something!
But actually, it had an important job. In the past, people believed this stone figure helped protect the palace by watching the stream and blocking bad energy or evil spirits from coming in.
What makes it special is its cute expression. The stone carver gave it a mischievous face, so instead of looking scary, it feels charming and full of personality.
It’s almost as if the statue is saying, ‘Tut, tut! Don’t even think about coming in!’
This is one of the fun details that makes Gyeongbokgung so interesting—you can really feel the humor and creativity of the people who built it.”
- subdue 진압하다
- mischievous 짖궂은, 장난치기 좋아하는, (눈빛, 태도등이)장난기 어린
- expression 표현, 표정
- stick out one's tongue 메롱하고 혀를 내밀다
- stick it out 끝까지 포기 않고 하다
- stick to it 착 달라붙다
- teasing 놀리다
- stone carver 석공
- sense of humor 유머 감각
- interprete
- 통역하다/
- ..을 설명하다
- (..의 뜻으로)..을 해석(이해)하다
- They interpreted her silence as concession
- 그녀의 침묵을 양보의 뜻으로 풀이했다
- playful 장난기 많은, 놀기 좋아하는
- It feels charming and full of personality. 매력적이고 개성이 넘쳐 보여요.
“The Heungnyemun compound was damaged during the Japanese occupation, when the Japanese Government-General building was constructed here. It was restored in 2001. At the same time, the waterway that once ran through the palace was also restored.
But to be honest, what you see today is more of a visual reconstruction than a full restoration. During the colonial period, the original water sources were completely blocked, so the stream could not be restored in the true sense.
That’s why this channel only really works as a stream after heavy rain. Even then, the water does not flow naturally, and if the water stays there for too long, it can easily become muddy.
So while it may not function exactly as it once did, it still gives us a sense of how beautiful and peaceful the palace landscape used to be.”
- damaged 손해(손상)을 입은
- Japanese Government-General building 조선총독부
- occupation 점령
- restore 복원하다/ (건강등을)회복하게 하다
- recover 되찾다. 회복하다
- superficially 표면적으로
- in the real sense 진정한 의미에서
- sense 감각/ (어구의)의미, 뜻
- serves as ~의 역할을 하다
- Even then 그때 조차도
- standing 서있는/ 멎어있는, 움직이지 않는/ (물 등이)괴어 있는
- muddy 흙탕물의, 탁한
- visual reconstruction 겉모습 위주의 복원
- stream = 시냇물, 개울
- waterway = 수로, 물길 (조금 더 공식적)
- channel = 물이 흐르도록 만들어진 좁은 길
“However, in early spring, the flower beds along the Yeongjegyo and Yeongjecheon area become especially beautiful. The maehwa, or winter plum blossoms, and Korean cherry blossoms bloom brightly, filling the area with color. Around the same time, columbines and hosta flowers also begin to bloom, adding even more beauty to the scene.
It’s lovely to imagine how, in the past, soft maehwa petals might have drifted gently along the clear waters of this stream, creating an even more peaceful and graceful view.”
- Korean cherry 앵두
- radiant 빛나는
- columbines [ˈkɒləmbaɪn] 매발톱꽃
- 개화시기: 6~7월
- hosta longipes 비비추/HOH-stuh lon-JEE-peez/ˈhoʊstə lɒnˈdʒiːpiːz/호우-스터 론-지-피즈
- 개화시기: 7~8월
- blossom 꽃(이 피다)
- blossoming 개화
- bloom 꽃이 피다
- in time
- 시간에 맞춰, 늦지 않게
- 장차, 조만간
- on time 정시에
- splendor 화려함, 훌륭함
- in former days 옛날에
- drift = 바람이나 물에 따라 살짝 흘러감 (가장 예쁜 표현)
- float = 둥둥 뜨다
- flow = 흐르다
- drift = 바람이나 물에 실려 천천히 떠가다
매화나무 Japanese apricot tree / ume tree 자두나무와 구별하려면 이 표현이 가장 안전 매화 plum blossom 다만 정확히 구별할 때는 Japanese apricot blossom / ume blossom 매실 Japanese apricot / ume 일상적으로는 ume도 많이 씀 자두나무 plum tree 가장 일반적 자두꽃 plum blossom 매화와 영어 표현이 겹칠 수 있음 자두 plum 가장 일반적 벚나무 cherry tree 가장 일반적 벚꽃 cherry blossom 가장 대표적 표현 버찌 cherry 필요하면 wild cherry라고 더 구체화 가능 앵두나무 Nanking cherry tree 식물명으로 가장 흔함//ˌnænˈkɪŋ/(낸-킹) 앵두꽃 Nanking cherry blossom 필요할 때 이렇게 구분 앵두 Nanking cherry 가장 무난한 대응
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