4. 사정전

 4. 사정전(사정전, 천추전, 만춘전, 내탕고, 조선왕조실록, 해시계)

[]King's Council Hall, Sajeongjeon

1. The name, 'Sajeongjeon Hall', which means Hall of Thoughtful Governance, was dedicated by Jeong Do-jeon to remind the king of his share of duty as a ruler that he should ponder deeply to distinguish the right from the wrong to look into the condition of the people.

• dedicate 
• (시간, 노력을)바치다, 헌신하다, 전념하다
• (책, 음악, 작품 등)바치다, 헌정하다
• share 공유하다. 함께쓰다/ 나누다/ 몫, 지분/ 주식
• ponder 숙고하다, 곰곰히 생각하다
• distinguish A from B  A와 B를 구별하다

1. According to the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, on October 7, 1395 (the fourth year of King Taejo’s reign), Jeong Do-jeon advised the king that, since the king alone holds the highest position, he must carefully reflect in order to distinguish right from wrong—and even who is right and who is wrong. Otherwise, he could easily fail by chasing empty luxuries and spending time with people who lack proper morals.
2. He also quoted the Book of Documents, saying, “Reflection leads to wisdom, and wisdom makes a sage,” to emphasize that deep thinking brings great benefit. Based on this idea, he respectfully suggested that the king name his council hall “Sajeongjeon,” meaning “the Hall of Thoughtful Governance.”

• advise 조언하다
• reflect 반사하다/심사숙고하다
• moral 도덕
• sage 현자
• Annals 연대기, 연보
• exhort 권하다, 촉구하다
• contemplate 고려하다, 심사숙고하다
• vain 헛된, 소용없는
• sumptuous 호화로운
• associate 연상하다, 결부(연관)짓다/ 어울리다,   (형)준, 부
• lack 부족, 결핍/ ~이 없다(부족하다)
• decency 체면, 품위, 예절
• Quote 인용하다
• Book of Documents 서경
• sage [seɪdʒ] 현자/ 현명한
• immense 엄청난, 어마어마한
• use 사용, 쓰임새, 사용권, 사용능력

1. The northern wall of Geunjeongjeon Hall forms part of the southern corridor of Sajeongjeon.
2. If you step down from the northern stone platform of Geunjeongjeon and go through Sajeongmun Gate, you will enter the king’s office area, including Sajeongjeon. This complex served as the king’s working quarters, where he spent most of his time handling state affairs and administrative duties.

• administrative business 행정 업무
• administer 관리하다, 운영하다/ 집행하다/ 주다, 투여하다
• quarter 4분의1/숙소를 제공하다,/숙소,막사
• This complex→ 이 복합 구역(건물 전체)
• working quarters = 생활 공간 + 업무 공간이 함께 있는 “집무 공간”
• quarters = 숙소 / 거처 / 생활 공간/사람이 생활하거나 머무르면서 활동하는 공간

1. The floor of Sajeongjeon is made of wood and has no heating system. So it must have been very hard for the king to work there in winter.
2. Because of this, there are two extra buildings next to it: Manchunjeon and Cheonchujeon. 
3. These buildings have fire holes on both sides of the stone base to warm the rooms during cold weather.
4. “Manchun” means “ten thousand springs,” and “Cheonchu” means “one thousand autumns.” East corresponds to spring, and west corresponds to autumn.
5. So the eastern building is Manchunjeon, and the western building is Cheonchujeon.
6. The words “ten thousand” and “one thousand” also mean “very long time.” This shows a wish that the kingdom will last forever.
7. Cheonchujeon is said to have been used by scholars from Jiphyeonjeon, a royal research center and library during King Sejong’s time.

• checkered 체크무늬의
• auxiliary 보조의
• fire hole 아궁이
• stylobate 대좌, 기단
• a continuous horizontal course of masonry that support a colonnade
• colonnade: a row of columns holding up a roof
• masonry: stone, brick or concrete used to build things
• correspond 일치하다/ ~에 해당하다/ ~와 서신을 주고받다
• stand for ..을 상징하다/ ..을 의미하다/ ..을 대표하다
• foundation 토대/ 기초/ 재단/ 설립, 창립

1. If you turn around and look at the southern corridor building where Sajeongmun Gate is located, you can see name plates attached to each door of the long corridor buildings in the Sajeongjeon complex.
2. These were warehouses where the king stored his personal belongings, called “Naetanggo.” Each storage room was named in order based on the Chinese Thousand Character Classic (千字文), such as “Cheonjago (天字庫)” and “Jijago (地字庫),” similar to how we number or arrange things today using numbers or the alphabet.

• linear 선의, 직선모양의
• warehouse 창고
• private possession 사재
• possession 소유, 소유물(소유품)
• storage 저장, 보관/ 저장고, 보관소
• numerical 수의, 숫자로 나타낸
• 내탕고: 조선시대 임금의 사사재물을 보관하던 곳간
• 내수사: 왕실의 사유재산을 관리하는 기관
• just ss ~처럼, ~대로
• as if(as though) 마치~처럼
• in order 순서대로(무작위가 아니라 정해진 순서)

[]Painting of Dragons in the Clouds

1. There is the king’s throne on the wooden floor of Sajeongjeon Hall.
2. Every morning, the king had a meeting with his officials. This meeting was called sangcham.
3. Important ministers and officials came to the meeting. They talked about the country’s problems and made decisions with the king.
4. The king also studied in this hall. He read books about Confucian ideas and history, and then discussed them with his officials.
5. King Sejong studied very hard and never missed the Royal Lecture, called gyeongyeon, for 20 years.
6. King Seongjong also attended every session for 25 years, three times a day.

• throne 왕좌, 옥좌/ 왕위, 보위
• audience 청중, 시청자, 알현
• relevant ministers 주부부 장관
• senior officials 고위 대신
• palace ascendable officials 당상관
• royal lecturers 경연관(경연: 임금에게 유학의 경서를 강론)
• royal secretary 승정원(조선시대 국왕의 비서기관-왕명의 출납 업무)
• chronicler 연대기 작가, 기록자
• chronicle 연대기, 연대기 순으로 기록하다
• 상참: 고려, 조선시대 중신등이 매일아침 국왕을 배알 하는 것
• learning sessions 학습시간
• session 시간, 회기, (법정의)개정(기간)
• retainer 보유자, 보유물/ 가신, 신하
• scripture 성서, 경전, 책(서적)
• script 대본, 원고/ 글씨
• Royal Lecture 경연
• Lecture 강연
• chroniclers 사관
• Royal Lecture (Gyeongyeon) is a special study time for the king. The king reads books about Confucian ideas and history. Then, he talks about them with his scholars and officials. This helps the king learn more and become a better ruler.

1. It must have been a hard job for the officials to keep up with the king’s study and to serve him who had such a strong love for learning.

• demanding 부담이 큰, 힘든, 요구가 많은
• catch up with 따라가다, 따라잡다
• ardent 열정적인

1. No one knows exactly when The Painting of Dragons in the Clouds in Sajeongjeon was made.
2. We also do not know if it was originally placed there.
3. The picture symbolically expresses that the king and his retainers are mutually dependent, and should assist one another.

• mutually 서로, 상호간에
• one anither 서로(3 이상 가능)
• each other  서로(같은장소 있는 2사람)

[]Annals of the Joseon Dynasty

1.  The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty are historical records that cover more than 472 years. They record about 25 generations of kings, from King Taejo, the founder, to King Cheoljong, in order by time.
2. These records are the longest continuous records of one dynasty in the world. Because of their importance, UNESCO listed them as “Memory of the World” in October 1997.
3. They contain a very large amount of information. They cover many topics, such as government affairs, society, economy, science, arts, religion, astronomy, geography, and music.
4. They also include natural science information, such as natural disasters, weather, and space events. In addition, they record diplomatic relations with nearby Northeast Asian countries.

• chronological 연대순의
• encyclopedic 백과사전의, 박식한
• contents 내용물
• content 만족하는
• natural science 자연 과학
• meteorological 기상의, 기상학의

1. Even the king was not allowed to look at the historians’ draft writings.
2. This rule helped keep the records secret, accurate, and trustworthy.
3. The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty were printed with metal and wooden printing blocks. They were safely kept even during many wars.
4. These records show that Korea had a  high level of printing technology and culture for a long time. They are also very special and rare in the world.

• draft history 사고, 사초
• draft 원고, 초안/ 틈새바람/ 마시기/ 징병/ 끌기
• confidentiality 비밀
• truthfulness 정직함, 참됨
• credibility 신뢰성
• type 형, 유형/ 활자
• Annals are official records of history written year by year.
• “한국은 오랫동안 높은 수준의 인쇄 기술과 문화를 가지고 있었다”

1. After the Annals of the previous king were completed, four copies were printed.
2. One copy was kept in Seoul at the office that managed history records. The other three copies were stored in special places in deep mountains to protect them from damage.
3. In the early Joseon period, these storage places were in Chungju, Seongju, and Jeonju.
4. But after the Japanese invasions from 1592 to 1598, the records were moved to mountain storage sites in Seoul, Mt. Mani, Mt. Taebaek, Mt. Myohyang, and Mt. Odae.

• compilation 모음집/ 편집, 편찬
• archives 공문서, 기록보관소
• Repository 저장소, 보관소
• unforeseen 예측하지 못한, 뜻밖의
• sites 사이트, 현장, 유적지, 장소, 부지
• 조선전기(춘추관, 충주, 성주, 전주사고) → 임진왜란(춘추관, 중주, 성주 소실→전주사고만 남음)→전주사고를 바탕으로 4부를 재간→춘추관, 강호, 태백산, 묘향산(적성산), 오대산의 5곳에 보관

1. The following story is from the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, dated February 8, 1404, in the fourth year of King Taejong’s rule. It shows that King Taejong was very aware of the royal historians.
2. The king went hunting on horseback with his bow and arrows. While he was shooting a deer, his horse fell down, and the king also fell off the horse. Luckily, he was not hurt.
3. He looked around and then said, “Do not let the historians know about my fall.”

• was conscious of ~을 의식하는, 자각하는
• roe deer 노루
• toppling down 앞으로 꼬꾸라지다, 쓰러지다

1. This story shows that King Taejong felt uncomfortable when historians followed him, even during his hunting trips for rest.
2. However, he could not stop them from following him, because their duty was to record everything the kings said and did.
3. Because the king was very aware of them, he lost his balance when his horse fell and also fell to the ground.
4. He was not worried about his injury first. Instead, he immediately said, “Do not let the historians know about this.”
5. But he failed to keep it secret. The historians still recorded the event.
6. Now, even after 600 years, this story is open to the public on the internet, including how he told them not to record it

• not in the least 조금도
• hunting 사냥
• outing 여행, 야유회
• solemn 엄숙한
• examining 조사하다. 검사하다. 시험을 실시하다
• anxious 불안해 하는, 염려하는/ 열망하는
• be aware of ~을 의식하다 ~을 알고 있다 ~을 신경 쓰다

• 다만 미국인들은 일상회화에서 “의식하다” 느낌을 더 강하게 표현할 때는 다른 표현도 많이 씁니다.

  예:

  • conscious of
  • self-conscious about
  • worried about
  • sensitive to
  
  
• including how he told them not to record it
  → 기록하지 말라고 했던 말까지 포함해서

1.  We can also see from the Annals of King Sejong (March 2, 1438, the 20th year of his reign) that King Sejong once talked with his officials about reading his father King Taejong’s Annals to use them as a guide for ruling the country.
2. However, in the end, he accepted the officials’ strong opinion. He decided not to read them in order to protect the privacy and independence of the historians.
3. The officials strongly believed in their duty. They persuaded the king not to read the Annals. They said that the historians who wrote them were still alive, so they would feel uncomfortable and worried if the king read them. Also, future generations might not trust the records.

• consult 상담하다. 상의하다
• succumb 굴복하다. 무릎을 꿇다.
• legitimate 정당한, 합법적인
• logic 논리
• concluding 결론(단단)을 내리다. 끝내다. 끝나다
• convince 납득시키다, 설득시키다
• insecure 안전하지 못한

[]Sundial

1. The sundial in Gyeongbokgung Palace is now placed in a small yard next to Sajeongjeon Hall.

1.  Angbuilgu is a type of sundial. Its name means “a bowl-shaped sundial that faces upward.”
2. It was first made by Jang Yeong-sil during King Sejong’s time. It showed not only the time, like a clock, but also the 24 solar terms, like a calendar.
3. Inside the bowl, there are lines. Some lines show the solar terms, and other lines show the time by the shadow of a pointed stick called yeongchim, which points to the north.
4. Throughout the long Joseon Dynasty, people made many different kinds of Angbuilgu and improved them.
5. On the outer edge, there are silver letters saying that Hanyang is located at 37 degrees 20 minutes north. This shows that people at that time already knew the exact latitude of Hanyang.

• 仰釜日晷 가마솥 부, 그림자 구
• concave 오목한
• cauldron 가마솥
• solar term 절기
• term 용어, 말/ 임기, 기간, 학기, 사계/ 조건
• pointed 지적하는/ 뾰족한/ 겨누는
• gnomon [nóuman 지시침
• due north 정북으로
• due 지불 만기가 된, 만기의/ ..할 예정인/ 정당한, 당연한/ (부사) (방향의 명사에 붙어서) 똑바로, 정(正)…
• inlaid 상감 세공한
• 북위 37도 20분 37 degree 20 minute north
• determine 알아내다. 밝히다/ 결정하다
• geographic 지리학의/ 지리적인
• latitude 위도
• bustling 부산한, 북적거리는
• bustle 바삐 움직이다, 서두르다

1. King Sejong placed Angbuilgu not only in the royal palaces and in front of Jongmyo Shrine, but also on a busy street near Hyejeonggyo Bridge, where the Gwanghwamun Post Office stands today, so that ordinary people could easily know the time as well.

• 혜정교: 종로구 종로1가 광화문우체국 부근에 있던 다리
• currently (부사)현재, 지금
• current 현재의, 통용되는/흐름, 전류, 경향

1. Now, would you like to learn how to read the time?