4. 사정전

 4. 사정전(사정전, 천추전, 만춘전, 내탕고, 조선왕조실록, 해시계)

[]King's Council Hall, Sajeongjeon

1. The name, 'Sajeongjeon Hall', which means Hall of Thoughtful Governance, was dedicated by Jeong Do-jeon to remind the king of his share of duty as a ruler that he should ponder deeply to distinguish the right from the wrong to look into the condition of the people.

• dedicate 
• (시간, 노력을)바치다, 헌신하다, 전념하다
• (책, 음악, 작품 등)바치다, 헌정하다
• share 공유하다. 함께쓰다/ 나누다/ 몫, 지분/ 주식
• ponder 숙고하다, 곰곰히 생각하다
• distinguish A from B  A와 B를 구별하다

1. According to the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty , on October 7, 1395, in the fourth year of King Taejo's reign, Jeong Do-jeon exhorted that as the king alone holds the highest position unless he thoughtfully contemplates to distinguish what is rignt from what is wrong as well as who is rignt from who is wrong, he can easily fail by seeking only after vain and sumptuous things and by associating with people who lack decency. Quoting from the Book of Documents, "contemplation leads to wisdom, and wisdom makes a sage," Jeong Do-jeon said that humans can get such immense use out of contemplation, and politely suggested that the king name his council hall as 'Sajeongjeon Hall.' which means 'Hall of Thoughtful Governance.'

• Annals 연대기, 연보
• exhort 권하다, 촉구하다
• contemplate 고려하다, 심사숙고하다
• vain 헛된, 소용없는
• sumptuous 호화로운
• associate 연상하다, 결부(연관)짓다/ 어울리다,   (형)준, 부
• lack 부족, 결핍/ ~이 없다(부족하다)
• decency 체면, 품위, 예절
• Quote 인용하다
• Book of Documents 서경
• sage [seɪdʒ] 현자/ 현명한
• immense 엄청난, 어마어마한
• use 사용, 쓰임새, 사용권, 사용능력

1. The northern wall of Geunjeongjeon Hall is the corridor building of Sajeongjeon. If you step down from the northern stone platform of Geunjeongjeon, and pass through the Sajeongmun Gate, you can enter the king's office quarters including Sajeongjeon. The compound was king's office quarters where he stayed most of the times to take care of his administrative business.

• administrative business 행정 업무
• administer 관리하다, 운영하다/ 집행하다/ 주다, 투여하다
• quarter 4분의1/숙소를 제공하다,/숙소,막사

1. As Sajeongjeon has a wooden checkered floor without a heating system, it must have been difficult for the king to do his work during the cold winter season. Two auxiliary buildings, Manchunjeon(萬春殿) Hall and Cheonchujeon(千秋殿) Hall, have fire holes to the sides of the stylobates to heat the rooms during the colder months. 'Manchun(萬春)' means 'ten thousand spring', and 'Cheonchu(千秋)' means 'thousand autumns'. As the 'east' direction corresponds to 'spring' while the 'west' direction corresponds to 'autumn', the eastern hall is 'hall of Ten Thousand Springs' and the western hall is 'Hall of Thousand Autumns'. 'Man(萬)' and Cheon(千)' stand for 'ten thousand' and 'thousand' respectively, meaning 'long lasting and forever', which expresses wish for the foundation of the kingdom to last for a long time. Cheonchujeon is said to have been used by the scholars of Jiphyeonjeon, which was the royal research institute and royal library, during King Sejong's reign.

• checkered 체크무늬의
• auxiliary 보조의
• fire hole 아궁이
• stylobate 대좌, 기단
• a continuous horizontal course of masonry that support a colonnade
• colonnade: a row of columns holding up a roof
• masonry: stone, brick or concrete used to build things
• correspond 일치하다/ ~에 해당하다/ ~와 서신을 주고받다
• stand for ..을 상징하다/ ..을 의미하다/ ..을 대표하다
• foundation 토대/ 기초/ 재단/ 설립, 창립

1. If you turn around to see the southern corridor building where Sajeongmun Gate stands, you can see a name plate attached on each door of the long linear corridor buildings which belong to the Sajeongjeon compound. Those were the warehouses for the king to store his private possessions called 'Naetanggo', and each storage is named in the order of Chinese Thousand Character Classic(千字文) such as 'Cheonjago(天字庫)' and Jijago((地字庫)', just as we number things in a numerical or an alphabetical order today.

• linear 선의, 직선모양의
• warehouse 창고
• private possession 사재
• possession 소유, 소유물(소유품)
• storage 저장, 보관/ 저장고, 보관소
• numerical 수의, 숫자로 나타낸
• 내탕고: 조선시대 임금의 사사재물을 보관하던 곳간
• 내수사: 왕실의 사유재산을 관리하는 기관
• just ss ~처럼, ~대로
• as if(as though) 마치~처럼

[]Painting of Dragons in the Clouds

1. There is the king's throne laid on the checkered wooden floor of Sajeongjeon Hall. Morning audience like a cabinet meeting called sangcham was held everyday. The relevant ministers, senior officials, palace ascendable officials of major offices, royal lecturers. a royal secretary, and chroniclers attended the audience, and discussed state affairs with the king. The king also had his learning sessions in this hall with his retainers to enhance his academic level through debates after reading some passages of the Confucian scripture or history. King Sejong never skipped the Royal Lecture called gyeongyeon for 20 years, and King Seongjong is also known to have never missed a session for 25 years, strictly observing it three times a day.

• throne 왕좌, 옥좌/ 왕위, 보위
• audience 청중, 시청자, 알현
• relevant ministers 주부부 장관
• senior officials 고위 대신
• palace ascendable officials 당상관
• royal lecturers 경연관(경연: 임금에게 유학의 경서를 강론)
• royal secretary 승정원(조선시대 국왕의 비서기관-왕명의 출납 업무)
• chronicler 연대기 작가, 기록자
• chronicle 연대기, 연대기 순으로 기록하다
• 상참: 고려, 조선시대 중신등이 매일아침 국왕을 배알 하는 것
• learning sessions 학습시간
• session 시간, 회기, (법정의)개정(기간)
• retainer 보유자, 보유물/ 가신, 신하
• scripture 성서, 경전, 책(서적)
• script 대본, 원고/ 글씨
• Royal Lecture 경연
• chroniclers 사관

1. It must have been a demanding job for the retainers to catch up with the study of the king and to serve him who had such an ardent desire for learning.

• demanding 부담이 큰, 힘든, 요구가 많은
• catch up with 따라가다, 따라잡다
• ardent 열정적인

1. It is not known exactly when The Painting of Dragons in the Clouds hanging on the Sajeongjeon was painted, or if it was originally hung there. The picture symbolically expresses that the king and his retainers are mutually dependent, and should assist one another.

• mutually 서로, 상호간에
• one anither 서로(3 이상 가능)
• each other  서로(같은장소 있는 2사람)

[]Annals of the Joseon Dynasty

1. The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty is the set of records of history covering over 472 years about 25 generations of kings from King Taejo, the founder, to King Cheoljong in a chronological order. Being the longest records of one single dynasty in the world, they were enlisted as 'Memory of the World' by UNESCO in October 1997. With the most abundant and encyclopedic contents, they cover various topics not only on the general state affairs but also on social system and issues, economy, science and arts, religion, astronomy, geography, music and various facts of natural science including natural disasters, meteorological and astronomical phenomena, and even diplomatic relations among neighboring Northeast Asian countries.

• chronological 연대순의
• encyclopedic 백과사전의, 박식한
• contents 내용물
• content 만족하는
• natural science 자연 과학
• meteorological 기상의, 기상학의

1. As the system prohibited even the monarch from getting access to the draft history of the chroniclers, it guaranteed the confidentiality, truthfulness, and credibility of the annals, The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, being printed with movable metal and wooden types and completely preserved while suffering numerous wars not only show the long and advanced level of Korean printing technology and culture, but also is an unprecedented example in the world.

• draft history 사고, 사초
• draft 원고, 초안/ 틈새바람/ 마시기/ 징병/ 끌기
• confidentiality 비밀
• truthfulness 정직함, 참됨
• credibility 신뢰성
• type 형, 유형/ 활자

1. After the compilation of the Annals of the preceding king, four copies were printed, and stored with one set in the archives of the Office of History Compilation in Seoul, the other sets in each of the three Repositories in deep mountain sites built to avoid unforeseen damage. During the early years of Joseon, they were in the cities of Chungju, Seongju, and Jeonju. However, after the Japanese Invasions(1592~1598), they were stored in the repositories of the Annals in Seoul, Mt. Mani, Mt. Taebaek, Mt. Myohayng, and Mt. Odae.

• compilation 모음집/ 편집, 편찬
• archives 공문서, 기록보관소
• Repository 저장소, 보관소
• unforeseen 예측하지 못한, 뜻밖의
• sites 사이트, 현장, 유적지, 장소, 부지
• 조선전기(춘추관, 충주, 성주, 전주사고) → 임진왜란(춘추관, 중주, 성주 소실→전주사고만 남음)→전주사고를 바탕으로 4부를 재간→춘추관, 강호, 태백산, 묘향산(적성산), 오대산의 5곳에 보관

1. Following is from the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, on February 8, 1404, in the fourth year of King Taejong's reign. It shows how much King Taejong was conscious of the chroniclers. The king went on a hunting trip with his bow and arrow riding a horse himself. While shooting an arrow at a roe deer, as the horse toppling down, the king fell off the horse, but he was not hurt. Looking around left and right, he ordered, "Do not let the chroniclers know about this (my falling)."

• was conscious of ~을 의식하는, 자각하는
• roe deer 노루
• toppling down 앞으로 꼬꾸라지다, 쓰러지다

1. This article shows that no matter how much King Taejong was displeased with the presence of the chroniclers even in the King's hunting outing for a personal rest, he could not forbid them from accompanying him as the chroniclers also could not in the least neglect their solemn duty to record all words and deeds of the kings. Probably being too conscious of their presence, King Taejong lost his balance when the horse tumbled down, and fell to the ground. Instead of examining where he was hurt, the first word that he said was, "Do not let the chroniclers know about this." Nevertheless, not only did he fail in keeping the chroniclers from knowing the fact, but also it is now even open to public on the internet after 600 years including his very anxious order to keep the chroniclers from knowing it.

• not in the least 조금도
• hunting 사냥
• outing 여행, 야유회
• solemn 엄숙한
• examining 조사하다. 검사하다. 시험을 실시하다
• anxious 불안해 하는, 염려하는/ 열망하는

1. Also, through King Sejong's Annals on March 2, 1438, in the 20th year of his reign, we can find that once King Sejong consulted with some officials about his reading the Annals of his father, King Taejong, to use them as reference and guide for his goverance. However he could not help succumbing to the legitimate logic of the officials and chroniclers at last, concluding not to read them and to guarantee the confidentiality and independence of the chroniclers' job. With their firm conviction and unshakable noble sprit, the officials convinced King Sejong not to read the Annals, as the relevant chroniclers still being alive, they would feel very uncomfortable and insecure, and the future generation would no trust the contents if the king had read them either during or after the compilation of the Annals.

• consult 상담하다. 상의하다
• succumb 굴복하다. 무릎을 꿇다.
• legitimate 정당한, 합법적인
• logic 논리
• concluding 결론(단단)을 내리다. 끝내다. 끝나다
• convince 납득시키다, 설득시키다
• insecure 안전하지 못한

[]Sundial

1. The sundial in Gyeongbokgung Palace is presently installed in a small yard of Sajeongjeon Hall.

1. The 'Angbuilgu(仰釜日晷)' literally means 'an upward looking sundial in the shape of a concave cauldron.' It was first invented by Jang Yeong-sil during the reign of King Sejong telling not only the time as a clock, but also 24 solar terms as a calendar. On the concave surface of Angbuilgu, 13 horizontal lines stand for 24 solar terms, and many vertical lines tell the time with the position of the shadow of the pointed gnomon called yeongchim which is set to point to the due north. Over the long period of Joseon, several types of Angbuilgu had been devised and improved. On the south rim of the cauldron, silver writings are inlaid that Hanyang is located at 37도20분 N, which shows the advanced level of science to have already determined the geographic latitude of Hanyang.

• 仰釜日晷 가마솥 부, 그림자 구
• concave 오목한
• cauldron 가마솥
• solar term 절기
• term 용어, 말/ 임기, 기간, 학기, 사계/ 조건
• pointed 지적하는/ 뾰족한/ 겨누는
• gnomon [nóuman 지시침
• due north 정북으로
• due 지불 만기가 된, 만기의/ ..할 예정인/ 정당한, 당연한/ (부사) (방향의 명사에 붙어서) 똑바로, 정(正)…
• inlaid 상감 세공한
• 북위 37도 20분 37 degree 20 minute north
• determine 알아내다. 밝히다/ 결정하다
• geographic 지리학의/ 지리적인
• latitude 위도
• bustling 부산한, 북적거리는
• bustle 바삐 움직이다, 서두르다

1. King Sejong  installed Angbuilgu not only in each royal palace and in front of Jongmyo Shrine, but also on the bustling street near Hyejeonggyo Bridge, where Gwanghwamun Post Office is located currently, so that common people could also know the time.

• 혜정교: 종로구 종로1가 광화문우체국 부근에 있던 다리
• currently (부사)현재, 지금
• current 현재의, 통용되는/흐름, 전류, 경향

1. Now, would you like to learn how to read the time?