8.교태전(함원전,아미산,Chimneys in Amisan Mound, 어정, 건순각)
The name of the gate means the beginning of the queen’s area, where she would give birth to the future king according to the idea of yin and yang.
After passing through Yanguimun Gate, the queen’s living area and office area began. The queen lived there and oversaw all the women in the palace as the “mother of the nation.”
She gave ranks to female officials. These women were divided into two groups:
- Naemyeongbu: women who lived inside the palace
- Oemyeongbu: women who lived outside the palace, including wives of royal family members and government officials
- The highest rank, Senior First Grade, was given to the king’s consorts(queen and Concubines)
Lower ranks were given to other palace women such as sanggung (court ladies) and nain (court attendants).
- 양의문(兩儀門): 양의문(교태전 정문), 음양의 이치에 따라 왕과 왕비가 만나 후손을 잘 낳기를 바라는 뜻이 담겨 있는 문입니다.
- 兩儀 양과 음, 또는 하는과 땅
- conceive 상상하다/ 임신하다
- oversee 감독하다
- principle 원리, 원칙, 주의(신조)
- administer 관리(운영)하다/ 집행하다/ (정식으로) 주다
- state mother. 국모
- consort [kάnsɔːrt｜kɔ́n-] 배우자/ (나쁜사람)(와)교제하다/ (와)일치(조화)하다
- concert [´kɑːnsərt] 콘서트
- grant 주다 /~ A B/ ~B TO A = A에게 B를 주다
- subsequent 다음의
- attendant 시중드는 사람(하인)/ 안내원/ 출석자
- 상궁: 상궁들은 왕, 왕비, 후궁, 왕손들 바로 곁에서 중요한 임무를 맡아봄
- 나이: 나인은 30년 정도 있어야 상국으로 진급(나인은 상국의 아래에서 각자 맡은 곳에서 일함)
- 상궁 : In the Joseon Dynasty of Korea, the term "상궁" (Sanggung) referred to a high-ranking female official in the royal court, typically serving in the palace. The title is often translated as "head palace lady" or "chief lady-in-waiting."
- A Sanggung was responsible for overseeing the royal women's quarters, managing the daily affairs of the queen, concubines, and princesses, and assisting with various administrative tasks in the palace. She had a significant role in ensuring the smooth running of the palace, managing other palace women, and sometimes even serving as an intermediary between the royal family and the other palace officials.
- In terms of rank, the Sanggung was one of the highest positions for women in the palace and held great influence. She had the authority to supervise the lower-ranking ladies-in-waiting and was often entrusted with delicate tasks related to the queen’s or the king's private matters. The position of Sanggung was crucial for maintaining order and decorum within the royal household, and it required a woman of both competence and trustworthiness.
The king’s lane begins inside Heungnyemun Gate and ends in front of the queen’s living quarters.
At this point, we can realize that we are already deep inside the palace.
Gyotaejeon Hall is located in a very deep part of the palace. Because of this, the palace is sometimes called “Gujung Gunggweol,” which means the “Nine-layered Royal Palace.”
- 동명사 의미상 주어: 원칙은 소유격(목적격 사용도 허용)
- browse 둘러보다/ 대강 읽다/(정보를 찾아)인터넷을 돌아다니다
- remind 상기시키다
- get to be reminded that ~ 라는 것을 상기하게 된다. (~라는 것을 알게된다)
- remind + 사람 + OF + 명사
- remind + 사람 + that + 주어 +동사
- 구중궁궐(九重宮闕)에서 구중(九重)은 문이 아홉 겹이란 뜻으로 문이 겹겹이 이어진 깊은 궁궐
- "Gujung Gunggweol" (九重宮闕), or "Ninefold Royal Palace," refers to a part of the palace that is very deep and well-protected, with nine layers of gates. The term "Ninefold" means there are nine gates, each one leading further into the palace, showing how complex and secure the area is. It represents a part of the palace that is hard to reach, symbolizing the strong protection and importance of the royal space. This nickname reflects the palace's high status and the careful protection of most important areas.
- layer 막/층/겹
- layered = 층이 있는, 겹겹이 쌓인
By just glaning at the window bars and the decorations in the hallway, we can see that the buildings in the queen’s living area are very beautifully and richly decorated for her.
The word “Gyotae” means creating a peaceful and prosperous world by balancing heaven and earth, and yin and yang.
The name Gyotaejeon Hall (交泰殿) comes from the 11th hexagram called “Tae (泰)” in the Book of Changes.
This hexagram is made of two parts:
Gon on the top, which represents yin or Earth
Geon on the bottom, which represents yang or Heaven
6. In this system, yin and yang work together in perfect balance.
Yin means earth, female, darkness, stillness, and downward movement
Yang means heaven, male, brightness, activity, and upward movement
7. When yin and yang meet and support each other like two magnetic poles, it is believed to bring harmony.
8. The hexagram “Tae” is understood as a time when life begins to grow, like plants sprouting after rain, when heaven and earth come together in harmony with joy and energy.
- glance 흘낏보다
- glaze 유리를 끼우다/ 공택제를 바르다/ 윤기가 나게 하다
- hallway 복도
- glazing-bar 창살, 성대, 살(muntin)
- glazing 유리공사, 유리끼우는 일/ 창유리, 판유리/ 유약/ 유악칠
- elaborately 공들여, 정교하게
- accomplish 완수하다, 성취하다
- prosperous 번영한, 번창한
- the Book of Changes 주역
- combination 조합
- interact 상호작용하다. 소통하다
- interprete 통역하다/ 특정한 뜻으로 이해(해석)하다(~sth as sth)
- sprout 싹, 새싹/ 싹이나다
- thunder 천둥
- lightening 번개
- hexagram = 괘 (6개의 효로 이루어진 점괘)/[ˈheksəɡræm]
- Book of Changes 주역
- 왜 64개인가?
-
- 음(⚋)과 양(⚊) 두 가지 선이 있음
- 6줄을 조합하면 가능한 경우의 수 = 2⁶ = 64
When the king visited the queen’s living area on a special lucky day, he stayed with the queen in the east bedroom.
The name Gyotaejeon Hall shows their hope for a wise and healthy prince. They wished for a son who could build a strong future for the royal family and the country.
- auspicious day 길일
- chamber 방, 침실, ~실
- bedchamber 침실
- strong/sturdy 튼튼한, 건장한
- 현명하고 건강한 왕자의 탄생
- foundation 토대, 기초/ 재단/ 설립, 창립
- Establish"는 "설립하다", "확립하다", "세우다
The original Gyotaejeon Hall was built in 1869 during the reign of King Gojong. Later, it was taken apart and its wood was used to rebuild the queen’s living quarters at Changdeokgung Palace, which had been damaged by a big fire.
The Gyotaejeon Hall that we see today in Gyeongbokgung Palace was rebuilt in 1995.
- 철거되다/목재/창덕궁 왕비의 거처를 재건하는/ 복원되었다.
- taken apart 분해하다
On the way to the rear garden of Gyotaejeon Hall, we pass through Jaeseongmun Gate along the western corridor. There we can see Hamwonjeon Hall.
Behind the hall, there is Amisan Mound, which is made of terraced flower beds.
Hamwonjeon Hall was closely connected with Buddhist rituals in the early Joseon period. It was also the place where Crown Prince Danjong lived after his father, King Munjong, died in 1452.
- 함원전: 교태전의 서쪽, 흠경각의 북쪽에 위치한다
- Jaeseongmun 재성문
- The course is made up of 12 two-hour sessions.
- 그 강좌는 두 시간짜리 수업 12개로 이뤄져 있다.
- terrace 테라스, 단
- terraced 층층단으로 된
- tier 줄, 단/ 단계
- tiered ..개의 줄(단)로 된
Hamwonjeon Hall is located deep inside the royal living quarters of the palace.
Although the Joseon Dynasty officially followed Confucianism as its main ideology, the royal family still respected Buddhism and held Buddhist ceremonies at Hamwonjeon Hall.
According to the Annals of King Sejo, there are many records of Buddhist rituals being performed there. These include ceremonies for completing the construction of Buddha statues and the eye-opening ceremony (placing the eyes to give life to the statue).
It also records that sarira, the remains of the Buddha, meaning his sacred bones after cremation, were enshrined in the hall.
King Sejo had taken the throne after removing his brothers and his nephew. Because of this, he may have carried deep guilt, and he likely held Buddhist rituals at Hamwonjeon Hall to comfort his conscience and ease his remorse.
- revere 숭배하다
- Annals 연대기, 연보
- eye-finishing touch ceremonies(점안의식)
- 불상에 생명을 불어넣는 의식으로 불상에 눈을 그려 넣음으로써 점안의식을 마친다
- By drawing eyes on the Buddha statue
- A ritual to bring life to the Buddha statue
- sarira 사리 /səˈriːrə/ (서-리-러)/사리 = 부처님의 유골(또는 유물)
- especially pearl-like objects, found in the cremated ashes of Buddhist spiritual masters.
- cremate - burn (the body of a person who has died)
- kingship 왕위
- may have pp 했을지도 모른다
- console 위로하다
- indelible 잊을 수 없는, 지울 수 없는
- remorse 회환
- service (종교상의)예배/ 복무/ 접대/ 봉사
To the west of Hamwonjeon Hall, there is a small kitchen. Next to it, there is a beautiful royal well used by the queen.
- blossom 꽃/ 꽃이 피다
- flutter 펄럭이다/ 흩날리다/ (꽃잎 등이)팔랑팔랑 떨어지다
- snowflake 눈송이
- arouse 불러일으키다
- evoke 환기시키다. 떠올려주다
- recall 기억해 내다/ 생각나게 하다
- court attendant 나인
- attendant 종업원, 수행원, 시중드는 사람/ 간병인/참석자, 출석자
Not only in Gyeongbokgung Palace, but also in other Joseon palaces, aengdu trees were widely planted.
According to Yongjaechonghwa, a collection of essays by an early Joseon scholar Seong Hyeon, King Sejong had difficulty chewing food because his teeth had become weak due to diabetes. However, he was able to eat the sweet and soft aengdu fruit quite well.
Because of this, the crown prince, who later became King Munjong, planted many aengdu trees as shrubs in the palace.
King Sejong praised them, saying, “Not only are my eyes pleased by the beautiful flowers and fruits that look like jewels, but my mouth is also pleased by their sweet taste.”
Thinking of the crown prince’s love and respect for King Sejong makes the lovely aengdu trees feel even more beautiful.
- shrubbery 관목숲
- gorgeous 아주 멋진, 아름다운
- filial 자식의, 자식다운
- piety 충성, 효심
- shrub 관목
Passing through Hamhyeongmun Gate behind Hamwonjeon Hall, we arrive at the quiet and cozy rear garden of Gyotaejeon Hall, called Amisan Mound (named after Mount Emei in China).
In spring, when the red royal azaleas bloom, the view of flower beds on Amisan Mound looks breathtakingly beautiful when seen from the open wooden windows of Gyotaejeon Hall.
- view 견해, 관점/ 시야/ 경관(전망)
- dazzlingly 눈부시게
- dazzling 눈부신, 현혹적인
- dazzle 눈부시게 하다
- Amisan Mound is a small flower-covered mound made of four tiered stone terraces, filled with soil excavated from the pond of Gyeonghoeru Pavilion. Seasonal flowers and trees were planted there so that the queen could enjoy the changing seasons.
- tiered 줄(단)로 배열된/ ..개의 줄(단/단계)로 된
- tier 줄(단)/ 단계
- There are several places in China named Mount Emei, and the most famous one is in Shandong Province. It is regarded as a fairyland where Taoist hermits are believed to live. At the lowest terrace, there are two lotus-shaped stone mortars, with toad carvings on their rims.
- According to an ancient Chinese legend, Chang’e swallowed the elixir of immortality that was given to her husband by the Queen Mother of the West. She then fled to the moon, where she became associated with a toad. Therefore, Amisan Mound is seen as a symbolic world of the moon, where a moon goddess is believed to live.
The Moon in Chinese mythology is associated with three main symbolic figures.
First, Chang’e (창어) is the Moon Goddess who lives alone on the moon. She is the main figure of the myth and represents the central presence in the lunar world.
Second, the Jade Rabbit (옥토끼) is a magical rabbit believed to live on the moon. It is said to prepare the elixir of immortality, and it is often seen as a gentle and mysterious creature.
Third, the Moon Toad (월두꺼비) is also connected to the moon. It is not a literal creature in the main story, but a symbolic being representing yin energy, mystery, and transformation.
In summary, Chang’e lives on the moon as the goddess, the Jade Rabbit makes the elixir of immortality, and the Moon Toad represents the mysterious symbolic power of the moon.
- fairyland 요정의 나라/ 무릉도원
- fairy (이야기 속의)요정
- hermit 은둔자
- mortar 막자사발, 절구/ 박격포
- rim 가장자리/ 테두리
- elixir 영약, 묘약
- immortality 불멸
- Chang’e is the moon goddess in Chinese mythology.(창어)
About halfway up the terraces, there are two more “large” stone ponds. Their names are Nakhadam, meaning “a pond where the sunset sinks,” on the east side, and Hamwolji, meaning “a pond that holds the moon,” on the west side.
In fact, they are only small square stone mortars. However, their names create a poetic feeling, helping us imagine the glowing sunset and bright moonlight.
The queen may also have imagined herself walking through a Taoist fairyland, like the moon goddess Chang’e.
- brilliant 훌륭한, 멋진/ 눈부신
- glow 빛나다, 타다/ 불빛/ 홍조
- glaring 눈부신/ 노려보는
- glare 눈부시다/ 노려보다
Amisan Mound is a place for women. It has beautiful brick walls with flower designs and special chimneys.
On the upper garden terraces, there are four chimneys. At first, visitors do not easily notice them as chimneys.
They are made of red tiles and built slightly taller than a person. The tiles are stacked in a hexagonal shape, and the top is covered with roof tiles.
In the middle of each roof, there are four smoke vents shaped like small houses.
- elaborate 정교한/ 공들인/ 상세히 말하다/ 정교하게 만들어내다
- patterned 무늬가 있는
- pattern (정형화된)양식, 패턴/ 모범, 귀감/ 무늬/ 견본
- hexagonally 6각형으로
- top 최고이다. 1위를 하다/ (다른 것을)위에 놓다(얹다) ~sth(with sth): (with sth)을 sth위에 놓다
- vent 통풍구, 환기구
- The ondol heating system is designed so that smoke travels through long underground flues and then exits through chimney vents on the stone terrace flower beds. This helps improve heat efficiency and prevents smoke from flowing backward into the building.
- flue 연통, 연관
- thermal efficiency 열효율
- backdraft 역기류, 역류
- draft 초안을 작성하다/ 선발하다(징병하다)/ 초안/ 선수선발/ 징병/ 끌기/ 외풍(통풍)/ 한모금
On each side of the chimneys, there are carved designs believed to protect against evil spirits. These include dragon faces, bulgasari, and lucky patterns such as the ten longevity symbols and the four noble plants. There is also the “卍” symbol meaning “ten thousand,” and honeysuckle vines, which turn the plain chimney into a beautiful piece of sculpture.
On the sides of the chimneys, there are also painted scrolls featuring maehwa (winter plum blossoms), birds symbolizing the arrival of spring, bats bringing in blessings, and cranes decorating the mound as auspicious symbols.
I wonder if there is any place in the world with chimneys that are beautifully decorated like this.
- inlaid 나무,금 등을 박아넣은, 상감세공한
- four gracious plants 사군자(매화 winter plum 난초 orchid 국화 chrysanthemum대나무 bamboo)
- honeysuckle 인동
- vine 덩굴/ 포도나무
- work 일하다/ 일, 작업/ 작품
- work of sculpture 조각 작품
- facet 면
- scroll 두루마기
- depict (그림으로)그리다/ (말이나 그림으로)묘사하다
- embellish ..을 아름답게 꾸미다. ..을(..으로)장식하다
- appreciate 감사하다. 감상하다. 평가하다
- Calling a small artificial hill “Amisan Mound,” a place where Taoist hermits are believed to live, shows the poetic feelings of Korean ancestors. Also, enjoying the reflections of the sunset and the moonlight shows a high level of culture that warmly accepted the beauty of nature into people’s hearts.
- artificial 인공의/ 인조의
- hermit 은둔자/신선
- Taoist hermits 도교의 신선들
- poetic 시의, 시적인
- sentiment 정서, 감정
- reflection 반사
- evoke (기억, 감정 이미지 등을) 떠올려주다(상기시키다)
- elevated level 높은 수준
- elevated 높은, 고상한
- embrace 포옹하다. 받아들이다, 수용하다
- 자연의 아름다움을 마음속에 따뜻하게 받아들인 높은 수준의 문화
Amisan Mound was made not only to enjoy beautiful scenery, but also to contain a deeper meaning based on pungsu (called feng shui in Chinese). The shape of Amisan Mound is like a blooming maehwa plum flower on the ridge of Mt. Bugak, receiving the life energy, qi (氣), flowing all the way from Mt. Baekdu, the highest and sacred mountain of the Korean Peninsula.
To the east of Amisan Mound, behind Gyotaejeon Hall, is Geonsungak Pavilion, which was built as a childbirth room for the queen. The name combines the character “Geon,” meaning strength, and “Sun,” meaning gentleness. It expresses the wish for the queen to give birth to a healthy baby through the harmony of yin and yang.
The strong life energy from the Baekdudaegan Mountain System flows along the Hanbuk Jeongmaek ridge, passes Mt. Bukhan and Mt. Bugak, and finally reaches Amisan Mound. Geonsungak was built at this special place so that the queen could give birth to a crown prince while receiving the vital energy of Mt. Baekdu, fulfilling the hope of the royal dynasty.
- combine 결합하다
- divine 신성한
- baby delivery room 분만실
- robustness 강건함. 튼튼함
- express (감정을)나타내다, 표현하다
- vital 중요한, 주요한
- Range 다양성/ 범위, ~대/ (눈으로 볼수 있는)거리/ 산맥, 산줄기/ 방목장/ 사격 연습장
- have a birth of
- give a birth to
- realize 깨닫다. 알아차리다. 인식하다/ 실현하다
- conceive (생각 계획등을)마음속으로 하다, 상상하다/(아이를)가지다
- administer 관리하다/집행하다/주다.부여하다/(약을)투여하다
- dwell ~에 살다(거주하다)
- state mother 국모
- quarter 4분의1/구역(지구)/(병사 하인등의)숙소(막사)
- chamber 회의실/ 침실, 방
- ritual 의식절차, 의례
- rite 의식
- indelible 잊을수 없는(지울 수 없는)
- delivery 배달/출산,분만
- vital 극히 중대한/필수적인/생명유지에 필수적인/활력이 넘치는
- recognize (무엇인지)알아보다/인정(인식)하다
- vent 통풍구, 환기구
- flue 연통, 연관
- inlaid 무늬를 세긴, 상감세공한. inlay 무늬를 세겨넣다
- An inlay is a design or pattern on an object which is made by putting materials such as wood, gold, or silver into the surface of the object.
- pattern 양식, 무늬
- honeysuckle 인동초. suckle 젖을 먹이다. 젖을 빨다(먹다)
- vine 포도나무, 덩굴(식물)
- a scroll of 한 폭의, scroll 두루마기
- depict (그림으로)그리다. 묘사하다
- embellish 장식하다, 꾸미다
- tier 층/ 층층으로 쌓다.
- ...tiered (합성어) ..개의 줄(단, 층)으로 된
- snowflake 눈송이
- flutter (자)펄럭이다. 나부끼다/(꽃잎 등이)팔랑팔랑 떨어지다
- Four gracious plants 사군자 (우아한)
- honeysuckle 인동/
- vines 포도나무, 덩굴식물
- attendant 종업원, 수행원, 간병인. attend 다니다. 수행하다, 간호하다
- 벗꽃 cherry
- 살구 apricot 에프리카트
- 자두 plum
- 매화(겨울살구)(매실나무) Japanese Apricot/ winter plum, green plum
- 사군자: since ancient times, Asian people have considered bamboo one of four noble plants, along with the winter plum, orchid, and chrysanthemum.
- 백두대간 = 한반도의 큰 중심 산줄기
- 한북정맥 = 백두대간에서 갈라져 나온 큰 줄기
- 북한산·북악산 = 한북정맥 흐름 위의 주요 산
- 아미산 = 그 기운이 궁궐 내부까지 이어진 상징적 공간
- 한북정맥 -
광덕산
↓
운악산
↓
도봉산
↓
북한산
↓
북악산
↓
아미산
# 한반도 산줄기: 1대간, 1정간 13정맥 으로 이루어져 있다.
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