8 교태전

 8.교태전(함원전,아미산,Chimneys in Amisan Mound, 어정, 건순각)

[]Passing through Yanguimun Gate toward Gyotaejeon Hall

1. The king's lane continues from the back of Gangnyeongjeon Hall to Gyotaejeon Hall through Yanguimun Gate. The name of the gate means the beginning of the queen's space who will conceive the future king by the principles of yin and yang. From Yanguimun, the queen's living quarters as well as her office quarters began where she dwelled and administered all the females as the state mother. She granted all the female officials' ranks to 'naemyeongbu', which means ladies living inside the court and 'oemyeongbu', which means ladies living outside the court including wives of the royal relatives and the officials. Senior first grade was given to the consorts of the king, and the other subsequent ranks were granted to the other ladies like sanggung(court lady), and nain(court attendant).

• 양의문(兩儀門):  양의문(교태전 정문), 음양의 이치에 따라 왕과 왕비가 만나 후손을 잘 낳기를 바라는 뜻이 담겨 있는 문입니다.
• 兩儀 양과 음, 또는 하는과 땅
• conceive 상상하다/ 임신하다
• principle 원리, 원칙, 주의(신조)
• administer 관리(운영)하다/ 집행하다/ (정식으로) 주다
• state mother. 국모
• consort  [kάnsɔːrt｜kɔ́n-] 배우자/ (나쁜사람)(와)교제하다/ (와)일치(조화)하다
• concert [´kɑːnsərt] 콘서트
• grant 주다

                 ~ A B/ ~B TO A = A에게 B를 주다

• subsequent 다음의
• attendant 시중드는 사람(하인)/ 안내원/ 출석자
• 상궁: 상궁들은 왕, 왕비, 후궁, 왕손들 바로 곁에서 중요한 임무를 맡아봄
• 나이: 나인은 30년 정도 있어야 상국으로 진급(나인은 상국의 아래에서 각자 맡은 곳에서 일함)
• 상궁 : In the Joseon Dynasty of Korea, the term "상궁" (Sanggung) referred to a high-ranking female official in the royal court, typically serving in the palace. The title is often translated as "head palace lady" or "chief lady-in-waiting."
• A Sanggung was responsible for overseeing the royal women's quarters, managing the daily affairs of the queen, concubines, and princesses, and assisting with various administrative tasks in the palace. She had a significant role in ensuring the smooth running of the palace, managing other palace women, and sometimes even serving as an intermediary between the royal family and the other palace officials.
• In terms of rank, the Sanggung was one of the highest positions for women in the palace and held great influence. She had the authority to supervise the lower-ranking ladies-in-waiting and was often entrusted with delicate tasks related to the queen’s or the king's private matters. The position of Sanggung was crucial for maintaining order and decorum within the royal household, and it required a woman of both competence and trustworthiness.

1. The king's lane, which starts from inside the Heungnyemun Gate, ultimately ends in front of the queen's living quarters. At this point, we realize that we are fairly deep into the palace. Gyotaejeon Hall is located in a particularly deep area of the palace, so it’s even called “Gujung Gunggweol,” or the “Ninefold Royal Palace.”

• 동명사 의미상 주어: 원칙은 소유격(목적격 사용도 허용)
• browse 둘러보다/ 대강 읽다/(정보를 찾아)인터넷을 돌아다니다
• remind 상기시키다
• get to be reminded that ~ 라는 것을 상기하게 된다. (~라는 것을 알게된다)
• remind + 사람 + OF + 명사
• remind + 사람 + that + 주어 +동사
• 구중궁궐(九重宮闕)에서 구중(九重)은 문이 아홉 겹이란 뜻으로 문이 겹겹이 이어진 깊은 궁궐
• "Gujung Gunggweol" (九重宮闕), or "Ninefold Royal Palace," refers to a part of the palace that is very deep and well-protected, with nine layers of gates. The term "Ninefold" means there are nine gates, each one leading further into the palace, showing how complex and secure the area is. It represents a part of the palace that is hard to reach, symbolizing the strong protection and importance of the royal space. This nickname reflects the palace's high status and the careful protection of  most important areas.
• layer 막/층/겹

[]Gyotaejeon Hall

   

   

                                  태      곤       건

1. By only taking a glance over the glazing-bars of the doors and the decorations along the corridors, we can see the buildings in the queen's living quarters are very elaborately decorated for the queen. 'Gyotae' means accomplishing the peaceful and prosperous era by achieving the harmony between the heaven and the earth, and between yin and yang. The name of Gyotaejeon(交泰殿) originated from the eleventh hexagram 'tae(泰)' among the 64 hexagrams in the Book of Changes. The hexagram 'tae' is the combination of 'gon' placed at the top representing yin or Earth and 'geon' placed at the bottom representing yang or Heaven so that yin and yang interact best. 'Yin' refers to things related with earth, female, darkness, stillness, and downward moving nature, while 'yang' refers to things related with heaven, male, brightness, dynamics, and upward moving nature. Therefore, as gon and geon attracting each other like two poles of magnets, the hexagram 'tae' is interpreted as a living thing sprouts in the falling rain when the earth and the heaven meet each other and are united in one amid thunder and lightening of delight.

• glance 흘낏보다
• glaze  유리를 끼우다/ 공택제를 바르다/ 윤기가 나게 하다
• glazing-bar 창살, 성대, 살(muntin)
• glazing 유리공사, 유리끼우는 일/ 창유리, 판유리/ 유약/ 유악칠
• elaborately 공들여, 정교하게
• accomplish 완수하다, 성취하다
• prosperous 번영한, 번창한
• the Book of Changes 주역
• combination 조합
• interact 상호작용하다. 소통하다
• interprete 통역하다/ 특정한 뜻으로 이해(해석)하다(~sth as sth)
• sprout 싹, 새싹/  싹이나다
• thunder 천둥
• lightening 번개

1. When the king visited the queen's living quarters on a designated auspicious day, the king and queen spent the night together in the east bedchamber. The name of Gyotaejeon reflects their wish for the birth of a wise and healthy prince who could establish a strong foundation for the dynasty. 

• auspicious day 길일
• chamber 방, 침실, ~실
• bedchamber 침실
• strong/sturdy 튼튼한, 건장한
• 현명하고 건강한 왕자의 탄생
• foundation 토대, 기초/ 재단/ 설립, 창립
• Establish"는 "설립하다", "확립하다", "세우다

1. The original Gyotaejeon, built during King Gojong's reign in 1869, was dismantled to provide timber for rebuilding the queen's living quarters in Changdeokgung, which had been destroyed by a major fire. The current Gyotaejeon in Gyeongbokgung was restored in 1995.

• 철거되다/목재/창덕궁 왕비의 거처를 재건하는/ 복원되었다.

[]Hamwonjeon Hall(함원전)

1. On the way to the rear garden of Gyotaejeon Hall, Amisan Mound made up of terraced flower beds, passing through Jaeseongmun gate along the western corridor building, we can see Hamwonjeon Hall, This hall was deeply related with Buddhist rituals during the early Joseon Period, and it was also where Crown Prince Danjong dwelt after his father King Munjong passed away in 1452.

• 함원전: 교태전의 서쪽, 흠경각의 북쪽에 위치한다
• Jaeseongmun 재성문
• The course is made up of 12 two-hour sessions. 
• 그 강좌는 두 시간짜리 수업 12개로 이뤄져 있다.
• terrace 테라스, 단
• terraced 층층단으로 된
• tier  줄, 단/ 단계
• tiered ..개의 줄(단)로 된

1. Hamwonjeon is located deep inside among the living quarters of the palace. Although the Joseon Dynasty chose Confucianism as its ruling ideology, the royal family still revered Buddhism and held Buddhist rituals in Hamwonjeon. According to the Annals of King Sejo, there are many records that eye-finishing touch ceremonies for installing a statue of Buddha as well as Buddhist ceremonies were held, and that sarira was also enshrined in Hamwonjeon Hall. As King Sejo had to get rid of his own brothers and nephew to gain and guard the kingship, he may have tried to be consoled for his indelible remorse by holding Buddhist service in Hamwonjeon. 

• revere 숭배하다
• Annals 연대기, 연보
• eye-finishing touch ceremonies(점안의식)
• 불상에 생명을 불어넣는 의식으로 불상에 눈을 그려 넣음으로써 점안의식을 마친다
• By drawing eyes on the Buddha statue 
• A ritual to bring life to the Buddha statue
• sarira 사리
• especially pearl-like objects, found in the cremated ashes of Buddhist spiritual masters.
•  cremate - burn (the body of a person who has died)
• kingship 왕위
• may have pp  했을지도 모른다
• console 위로하다
• indelible 잊을 수 없는, 지울 수 없는
• remorse 회환
• service (종교상의)예배/ 복무/ 접대/ 봉사

[]A Well in the Queen's Living Quarters(어정)

1. To the west of Hamwonjeon Hall is a small kitchen, and next to it is a beautiful royal well for the queen. When the aengdu flowers(korean cherry) on the flower beds blossom in the spring, and  flutter to the ground like snowflakes, the scene arouses our imagination of seeing court attendants drawing water with a bucket from the well, and hearing their pleasant laughter.

• blossom 꽃/ 꽃이 피다
• flutter 펄럭이다/ 흩날리다/ (꽃잎 등이)팔랑팔랑 떨어지다
• snowflake 눈송이
• arouse 불러일으키다
• evoke 환기시키다. 떠올려주다
• recall 기억해 내다/ 생각나게 하다
• court attendant 나인
• attendant 종업원, 수행원, 시중드는 사람/ 간병인/참석자, 출석자

1. Not only in Gyeongbokgung Palace, but also in all the other Joseon Palaces, aengdu trees are particularily planted a lot. According to a collection of essays called Yongjaechonghwa by an early Joseon scholar Seong Hyeon, while King Sejong had hard time chewing food with weakened teeth due to diabetes, he could especially eat well sweet and soft aengdu fruit. So the crown prince who later became King Munjong planted a lot of aengdu trees as shrubbery in the palace. King Sejong praised, "Not only my eyes are pleased to see the gorgeous flowers and the fruit as beautiful as jewel, but also my mouth is pleased to taste the sweet fruits."  Recalling the crown prince's filial piety toward King Sejong, the pretty aengdu feels even more lovely. 

• shrubbery 관목숲
• gorgeous 아주 멋진, 아름다운
• filial 자식의, 자식다운
• piety 충성, 효심

[]Hang-a of Amisan Mound(아미산)

1. Passing through Hamhyeongmun Gate at the back of Hamwonjeon Hall, we reach the peaceful and cozy rear garden of Gyotaejeon Hall which is called Amisan Mound(name originated from Mt. Emeishan of China). When the red royal azaleas bloom in the spring, the view of flower beds in Amisan Mound seen from the open windows of wooden floor in Gyotaejeon is dazzlingly beautiful.

• view 견해, 관점/ 시야/ 경관(전망)
• dazzlingly 눈부시게
• dazzling 눈부신, 현혹적인
• dazzle 눈부시게 하다

1. Amisan Mound is a small mound of flower beds made up of four tiered stone terraces upon which the soil excavated from the pond of Gyeonghoeru Pavilion is filled , and seasonal flowers and trees were planted for the queen to enjoy change of four seasons. 

• tiered 줄(단)로 배열된/ ..개의 줄(단/단계)로 된
• tier 줄(단)/ 단계

1. There are several mountains named Mt. Emeishan in China, and the most famous one is in Shandong Province which is considered as a fairyland where Taoistic hermits live. At the lowest terrace, there are two lotus flower shaped stone mortars of which rim toads are carved on. According to an ancient Chinese legend, Hang-a swallowed the elixir of immortality given to her husband by the Queen Mother of the West, and ran away to the moon, but turned into a toad. Hence Amisan Mound is the world of the moon where a goddess of the moon lives. 

• fairyland 요정의 나라/ 무릉도원
• fairy (이야기 속의)요정
• hermit 은둔자
• mortar 막자사발, 절구/ 박격포
• rim 가장자리/ 테두리
• elixir 영약, 묘약
• immortality 불멸

1. Also about the halfway up the terraces are two more 'large' ponds made of stone of which names are Nakhadam(a pold where the sunset sinks) to the east, and Hamwolji(a pond containing the moon) to the west. Actually they are only two small square stone mortars with the names evoking our poetic sentiment to imagine the brilliant glow of the sunset and the glaring moonlight . The queen also must have imagined of strolling in the Taoist fairy land like the goddess of the moon, Hang-a.

• brilliant 훌륭한, 멋진/ 눈부신
• glow 빛나다, 타다/ 불빛/ 홍조
• glaring 눈부신/ 노려보는
• glare 눈부시다/ 노려보다

[]Chimneys in Amisan Mound(아미산 굴뚝)

1. As Amisan Mound is a space for females, we can see elaborately decorated flower-patterned brick wall and chimneys. On the upper terraces of the flower beds stand four chimneys. When they are seen first by strangers, they are not easily recognized as chimneys. Red tiles are laid hexagonally a little taller than people, and topped with rooftiles. There are four smoke vents in the shape of a house in the center of the roof.

• elaborate 정교한/ 공들인

                           상세히 말하다/  정교하게 만들어내다

• patterned 무늬가 있는
• pattern (정형화된)양식, 패턴/ 모범, 귀감/ 무늬/ 견본
• hexagonally 6각형으로
• top 최고이다. 1위를 하다

                  (다른 것을)위에 놓다(얹다) ~sth(with sth): (with sth)을 sth위에 놓다

• vent 통풍구, 환기구

1. The ondol system is planned for the smoke to pass through the long underground flues and exit through the smoke vents of the chimneys on the stone terraced flower beds for thermal efficiency and backdraft prevention. 

• flue 연통, 연관
• thermal efficiency 열효율
• backdraft 역기류, 역류
• draft 초안을 작성하다/ 선발하다(징병하다)

                    초안/ 선수선발/ 징병/ 끌기/ 외풍(통풍)/  한모금

1. On each side of the chimneys are inlaid patterns to drive away evil sprits. They are dragon face, bulgasari, and auspicious patterns like ten-longevity symbols, four gracious plants.  '卍' meaning ten thousand, and honeysuckle vines turning the somber image of a chimney into a buautiful work of sculpture. On the facets of the chimneys are a scroll of painting of many maehwa(winter plum) flowers depicted with a bird heralding the coming of spring, bats bringing in blessings, and cranes also embellishing the mound in the painting. I wonder whether there is any other people in the world that decorate chimneys so beautifully and appreciate them as treasures. 

• inlaid 나무,금 등을 박아넣은, 상감세공한
• four gracious plants 사군자(매화 winter plum 난초 orchid 국화 chrysanthemum대나무 bamboo)
• honeysuckle 인동
• vine 덩굴/ 포도나무
• work 일하다/ 일, 작업

                    작품

• work of sculpture 조각 작품
• facet 면
• scroll 두루마기
• depict (그림으로)그리다/ (말이나 그림으로)묘사하다
• embellish ..을 아름답게 꾸미다. ..을(..으로)장식하다
• appreciate 감사하다. 감상하다. 평가하다

1. Naming a small artificial mound as Amisan Mound where Taoist hermits live show the poetic sentiment of Korean ancestors. Furthermore, evoking the reflections of the sunset and the moonlight reveals elevated level of culture that embraces the surrounding scenery into the heart.

• artificial 인공의/ 인조의
• hermit 은둔자
• poetic 시의, 시적인
• sentiment 정서, 감정
• evoke (기억, 감정 이미지 등을) 떠올려주다(상기시키다)
• elevated level 높은 수준
• elevated 높은, 고상한
• embrace  포옹하다. 받아들이다, 수용하다

[]Geonsungak Pavilion Interpreted by Geomancy(건순각)

1. Not only was Amisan Mound formed to enjoy the beautiful scenery, buyt also a more deep meaning can be discovered according to pungsu(fengshui in Chinese) as Amisan Mound itself is the shape of a maehwa flower blooning on the ridge of Mt. Bugak receiving the vital energy, qi(氣) flowing all the way from Mt. Baekdu(the highest mountain in the Korean Peninsula worshipped by Koreans as a divine mountain). To the east of Amisan Mound, connected to the back side of Gyotaejeon Hall is Geonsungak Pavilion which was made as a baby delivery room of the queen. Combining characters 'Geon' meaning robustness and 'Sun' meaning gentleness, the name expresses their wish to have a healthy baby in harmony between yin and yang. 

1. The great vital energy starting from the Baekdudaegan Mountain System flows along the Hanbuk Mountain Range, runs through Mt. Bukhan and Mt. Bugak, and finally reaches Amisan Mound. Geonsungak is built right on the spot where the queen could have a birth of a crown prince receiving the vital energy of Mt. Baekdu to realize the wish of the dynasty.

• divine 신성한
• baby delivery room 분만실
• robustness 강건함. 튼튼함
• express (감정을)나타내다, 표현하다
• vital 중요한, 주요한
• Range 다양성/ 범위, ~대/ (눈으로 볼수 있는)거리/ 산맥, 산줄기/ 방목장/ 사격 연습장
• have a birth of 
• give a birth to
• realize 깨닫다. 알아차리다. 인식하다/ 실현하다

• conceive (생각 계획등을)마음속으로 하다, 상상하다/(아이를)가지다
• administer 관리하다/집행하다/주다.부여하다/(약을)투여하다
• dwell ~에 살다(거주하다)
• state mother 국모
• quarter 4분의1/구역(지구)/(병사 하인등의)숙소(막사)
• chamber 회의실/ 침실, 방
• ritual 의식절차, 의례
• rite 의식
• indelible 잊을수 없는(지울 수 없는)
• delivery 배달/출산,분만
• vital 극히 중대한/필수적인/생명유지에 필수적인/활력이 넘치는
• recognize (무엇인지)알아보다/인정(인식)하다
• vent 통풍구, 환기구
• flue 연통, 연관
• inlaid 무늬를 세긴, 상감세공한. inlay 무늬를 세겨넣다
• An inlay is a design or pattern on an object which is made by putting materials such as wood, gold, or silver into the surface of the object.
• pattern 양식, 무늬
• honeysuckle 인동초.  suckle 젖을 먹이다. 젖을 빨다(먹다)
• vine 포도나무, 덩굴(식물)
• a scroll of  한 폭의, scroll 두루마기
• depict (그림으로)그리다. 묘사하다
• embellish 장식하다, 꾸미다
• tier  층/ 층층으로 쌓다. 
• ...tiered (합성어) ..개의 줄(단, 층)으로 된
• snowflake 눈송이
• flutter (자)펄럭이다. 나부끼다/(꽃잎 등이)팔랑팔랑 떨어지다
• Four gracious plants 사군자 (우아한)
• honeysuckle 인동/
• vines 포도나무, 덩굴식물
• attendant 종업원, 수행원, 간병인. attend 다니다. 수행하다, 간호하다
• 벗꽃 cherry
• 살구 apricot 에프리카트
• 자두 plum
• 매화(겨울살구)(매실나무) Japanese Apricot/ winter plum, green plum
• 사군자: since ancient times, Asian people have considered bamboo one of four noble plants, along with the winter plum, orchid, and chrysanthemum.