오쿤

난생 처음 한국 숯불 돼지갈비를 먹다 한국인들의 식사량에 진심으로 충격받은 일본인 모델의 솔직한 반응...! - YouTube

 きまずい" (気まずい)는 일본어로 "어색하다

平気 (へいき, heiki): "괜찮다"

すいとる" (吸い取る, 스이토루)라는 동사가 있습니다. 이 동사는 "흡수하다", "빨아들이다

마닐라

숙소

    홉 인 호텔 마카티 애비뉴

    호텔 젠 마닐라 바이 샹그릴라

        마닐라 베이 인근

    호텔 베닐드 메종 드 라 살레

        라살 대학교 인근

    소피텔 필리핀 플라자 마닐라

        아키노 국제공항에서 차로 20분

        호텔 공항 셔틀이용가능(무료)

        차로 10분거리 SM 쇼핑몰

영어문법

‘a bit of’와 ‘a little’는 셀 수 없는 양을 나타내는 데 사용되기 때문에 가산명사에는 쓸 수 없어요. 이 두 표현은 ‘조금’이라는 의미를 가지고 있죠.

a lot of/ lots of 가산 및 불가산 가능

a few 가산

a little 불가산

many 가산

much 불가산

11. 함화당 집경당

 11.함화당 집경당

Hamhwadang and Jipgyeongdang Hall

Immersed in Day Dreaming

• immerse (액체속에)담그다/~에 몰두하다, 몰두하게 만들다
• day dreaming 몽상

[]Hamhwadang and Jipgyeongdang Halls

1. There are quite a few mullberry trees on the right side road going toward Hyangwonjeong Pavilion from the north of Jagyeongjeon Hall. When the season of mulberries falling to the ground comes, the road takes color purple. then the road full of big blue lilyturfs, which bloom under the shade of mulberry trees, is such a beautiful site(위치.장소/ 사건 현장) . From the back of Amisan Mound to the front of Hamhwadang and Jipgyeongdang Halls, and there once was Heungbokjeon Hall located on these spacious areas, Presently, Heungbokjeon territory(영토, 영역, 구역) is being excavated(발굴하다) for its restoration. Heungbokjeon used to be the residence of royal concubines. In 1890, Queen Dowager(국왕의 미망인, 대비, 황태후) Jo, whose posthumous title was Queen Sinjeong, passed away at Heungbokjeon. Then in 1917, when inner quarters of Changdeokgung Palace caught fire(불붙다), Heungbokjeon quarter was dismantled(분해하다, 해체하다) for their restoration.

• lilyturf 맥문동
• 오디는 통상 5~6월 본격적 무더위와 장마가 오기전 수확한다
• 흥복전
• 우여곡절의 용도변화 흥복전(115) : 네이버 카페
• 흥복전은 고종(재위 1868~1907) 대에 경복궁을 다시 지으며 건립한 전각으로, 이곳에서 독일과 일본, 이탈리아 등 외국에서 온 사신을 접견했다는 기록이 남겨져 있습니다.
• 일제강점기에 철거된 뒤, 2018년 동행각과 서행각, 북행각 등으로 구성된 권역은 복원했지만, 아직 단청은 마무리하지 않은 상태입니다.
• 교태전과 함화당 사이에 있는 건물로 고종 연간에 이곳에서 독일, 일본, 이탈리아, 프랑스 등에서 온 외국 사신을 접견했다는 기록이 남아있다.
• 헌종(재위 1834∼1849)의 어머니이자 흥선대원군의 아들인 고종을 양자로 삼아 왕위에 오르게 했던 신정왕후 조씨가 1890년 승하한 장소이기도 하다.
•  경복궁 중건 이후 얼마 지나지 않아 강녕전, 교태전 등 내전의 주요 건물들이 2차례에 걸쳐 불타 없어지자(...) 임금이 사용하면서 경연, 신하들과 외국 공사를 만나는 등 공식적인 업무와 행사를 하는 공간이 되었다
•  경복궁 중건 이후 얼마 지나지 않아 강녕전, 교태전 등 내전의 주요 건물들이 2차례에 걸쳐 불타 없어지자(...) 임금이 사용하면서 경연, 신하들과 외국 공사를 만나는 등 공식적인 업무와 행사를 하는 공간이 되었다
• 흥복전의 남쪽에는 아미산이 있기 때문에 남쪽 행각은 없으며, 정문인 수인문은 서쪽에 세워져 있습니다
• 흥복전은 후궁들이 생활하던 궁전으로 외국 대신들을 접견하는 장소로 쓰이기도 함

1. Jipgyeongdang and Hamhwadang on the north of Heungbokjeon were mainly used as the living quarters of royal concubines. Two halls are connected with three-bay corridor. They have several attached buildings(부속 건물) with surrounding walls and gates, which suggests these halls had different functions from that of Heungbokjeon. They seem to have been built during King Gojong's reign. While Gojong was staying at Geoncheonggung, he held several receptions for foreign envoys(사절, 특사) in the halls.

• 흥복전: 왕의 후궁들이 살던 공간인 빈궁이다
• suggest
• 제안하다/추천하다/시사(암시)하다

1. When we visit presently restored(복원된) Hamhwadang and Jipgyeongdang, the area is so calm that we can feel cozy ambience(아늑한 분위기) without being disturbed by someone else. In fact, it would be unusual for other tourists to find such a secluded area(한적한, 외딴, 은둔시키다, 고립시키다) and have a peep inside. The area was not that significant historically. However, taking a stroll in the palace does not need to be in the area of historically meaningful; it would be good if they are surrounded by cozy walls, then we can rejoice(크게 기뻐하다) in contemplation(사색, 명상, 응시). Sometimes we look around and catch the moment of comfort; at such a moment, the owner of the residence may accost(다가가 말을 걸다) us. That moment is when we find the palace so touching(감동적인). As though things intend to meet our expectation(기대에 부응하다), if we go out of Yeongjimun Gate, in the small garden is a stone mortar with lotus. On an autumn day, after all lotus withered away(시들다), crimson(심홍색의) foliage(잎) of winged spindles(화살나무) fall into the mortar(박격포, 막자사발), creating even more  than the flowers. 

• then
• 그때
• 그 다음에, 
• 그러면
• as though(as if)
• 마치 ~인것처럼
• 영지문: 함화당에 있는 문
• mortar
• 박격포/막자사발
• crimson 크림즌/진홍색의

[]Queen's Sericulture Ceremony

1. There are several mulberry trees on the right side road of Heungbokjeon site and along the circumference of Hyangwonji Pond where Hyangwonjeong Pavilion is located. Not only Gyeongbokgung Palace but also other Joseon palaces have old mulberry trees, which were related to Sericulture Ceremonies performed by the royalty. 

• circumference 원주, 주변
• royalty 왕족/ 사용료(특허권)
• royal 
• 국왕의
• 왕족

1. As Joseon kings demonstrated how to cultivate lands themselves to understand farmers's soil, their queens demonstrated how to rear silkworms to appreciate that of textile weavers'. Moreover, the queens performed Sericulture Ceremonies in person with court ladies and officials' wives to encourage silk production.

• demonstrated 시위하다/ (작동 과정이나 사용법을)보여주다
• cultivate 경작하다
• rear 기르다, 사육하다
• rear 뒤쪽
• appreciate 감사하다/ 감상하다/ ~를 높이 평가하다(진가를 알아보다. 이해하다)
• in person 직접(몸소)
• encourage 격려하다, 용기를 북돋우다/ 권장하다

1. From long ago, silk weaving by rearing silkworms was considered significant in Korea. Thus every village had a shrine worshipping the goddess of sericulture, Xi Ling in Ancient China known to have started silkworm rearing, according to Si Maqian's Historical Records; on the state level was also built the Altar of Sericulture, then kings and officials performed sacrificial rituals regularly, and queens performed the Sericulture Ceremonies to encourage people silkworm rearing. Accordingly, the ceremony was a state level ritual performed to educate people the importance of silk production. 

• silk weaving 견방직
• sericulture 양잠(누애를 사육하여 고치를 생산하는일)
• silkworm rearing 누에치기
• known to 동사 ~한 것으로 알려진
• known to 명사 ~에게 알려진
• Si Maqian 사마천
• on the state level 국가차원에서 
• Altar of Sericulture 선잠단(조선시대 역대 왕비가 누에를 길러 명주를 생산하기위해 잠신-누에신 으로 알려진 중국 상고 황제의 황후 서릉씨를 모시고 제사 지내던 곳/ 선잠은 중국의 전설적인 인물인 황제의 부인 '서릉'이었다.)
• perform 행하다(실시하다)/ 공연하다
• conduct 행동하다(처신하다)/ 지휘하다/ 이끌다(호송하다)/(업무를)수행하다
• sacrificial ritual 희생제

1. According to the Royal Court Protocol of the Queen's Sericulture Ceremony which recorded the Sericulture Ceremony performed in Gyeongbokgung Palace in the 43rd year of King Yeongjo's reign(1767), the queen conducted a sacrificial rite to the ancestor of sericulture, then plucked mulberry leaves from five branches; and Crown Princess Hyebin, and the grand crown princess plucked leaves from seven branches, next court ladies and wives of high officials plucked from nine branches. 

• Royal Court Protocol  왕실의괴
• Court 법원/ 대궐, 궁중
• Protocol 외교의례, 의전, (군대 궁정에서의 )의례 

                      조약원안, 조약 , 의정서

                      예의상의 관례, 에티켓

                      통신규약(컴퓨터)

                      관찰기록

• Royal Court Protocol of the Queen's Sericulture Ceremony 친잠의괴
• recorded 기록하다
• pluck 깃털(머리털)을 잡아뽑다. 잡아뜯다/(잡초)뽑아내다/(열매등을)따다 
• Crown Princess 세자비
• grand crown princess 세손비(태자비)
• Hyebin 혜빈
• court ladies 궁녀, 나인
• 침잠의궤: 영조의 계비 정순왕후가 선잠단에서 제사지내는 선잠제와 친히 누에치는 친잠례 내용을 기록한 책
• 영조-사도세자(혜경궁홍씨=혜빈)-정조
• 사마천의 사기: 상고시대의 오제~한나라 무제 사이의 역사(춘추시대: 주가 수도를 옮긴 bc 770~bc 403 사이/ 전국시대: bc 403 ~진이 통일하기 전 bc 221 까지)

을미사변

 을미사변 총정리ㅣ한국근대사 [EN/KR SUB] - YouTube

KBS 역사스페셜 – 긴급입수! 러시아 비밀문서 명성황후 최후의 날 / KBS 20011117 방송 - YouTube

(KR/JP) 일본인 아내 첫 한국 초등학교 급식 체험 [한일부부/한일커플] - YouTube

일본여행 준비

 일본 입국 변경사항🇯🇵 Visit Japan Web 등록 방법 ✈️ VJW 완전정복 2025🫡 - YouTube

일본여행 일본어 회화 공항편 | 여행회화 기초 공항에서 알면 좋은 표현들

공항에서 필요한 일본어 회화 총정리✈️🧳 | 일본여행전 필수(설명포함)

일본 입국신고서 및 세관신고서 종이 서류 작성 방법 (당일치기 포함)

일본 출입국 절차 실제로 공개 ~출발 전에 시청 필수~ 우츠이히로시 의 슬기로운 한국이민생활

[스마트 여행 꿀팁] 후쿠오카에서 우버택시로 호텔~공항 무료로 온 후기 + 추천코드 vs 프로모션코드, #일본여행 시 가장 유용한 여행용 카드는? #후쿠오카여행 - YouTube

6. 경회루

 6.경회루

[]Gyeonghoeru Pavilion

1. To the west of Gangnyeongjeon (The King's Living Quarters) and Gyeotaejeon (The Queen's Living Quarters) Halls lies Gyeonghoeru Pavilion. From the rear of Sujeongjeon Hall, one can enjoy a full view of Gyeonghoeru and its surrounding pond. Gyeonghoeru was a venue for grand state banquets. Initially, there had been a smaller, nameless pavilion since the foundation of the dynasty. However, when the structure began to lean to one side, King Taejong relocated it westward during the 12th year of his reign (1412), building a larger pavilion in its place. At that time, the swampy ground around it was transformed into a large man-made rectangular pond, measuring 128 meters in width and 113 meters in length. The newly constructed pavilion was then named Gyeonghoeru.

• rear 뒤쪽/ 뒤쪽의/ 기르다, 양육하다, 앞다리를 들어올리며 서다
• relocate 재배치하다
• state banquet 국빈 만찬
• 작은 규모의 이름없는 누각 
• measure 측정하다,(치수.길이 양 등이)..이다
• width 가로/ length 세로

1. Gyeonghoeru literally means 'felicitous gatherings' among the king and his subjects. Ha Ryun explained it like this: "As I heard before, Confucius replied to Duke Ai of Lu (who ruled during the Zhou Dynasty, around 494–467 B.C.) by saying that good governance depends on the people, and that a wise ruler makes it a fundamental rule to hire the right people; without this, it is impossible to have successful gatherings."King Taejong originally built Gyeonghoeru with the intention of entertaining foreign envoys, but successive kings also used it for a variety of activities, such as holding royal banquets for meritorious officials and performing rain-calling rituals during times of extreme drought.

• felicitous (행동, 표현이)적절한/ 행복한
• subject 주제 /학과,과목/대상/주어/국민,신하
• interpret ~을 설명하다/ 통역하다
• governance 통치, 지배
• competent 유능한
• competence 능력
• compete 경쟁하다
• with a view to ~을 위하여
• entertaine 접대하다
• envoy 사절, 외교관
• meritorious 칭찬할 만한
• Confucius 공자(기원전 551–479년, 고대 중국의 철학자이자 교육자)
• Duke Ai of Lu (아이공, 기원전 494–467년)는 중국 주나라(Zhou Dynasty) 시기의 노나라(Lu) 출신의 군주입니다. 그는 유교의 창시자인 공자(Confucius)와 동시대 인물로, 공자가 그에게 여러 가지 정치적 조언을 했다고 전해집니다.
• Ha Ryun (하륜)은 조선 왕조의 학자이자 정치가였으며, 태종(King Taejong)과 세종(King Sejong) 시대에 활동한 인물입니다. 

1. Along the restored eastern wall of Gyeonghoeru, there are three gates: Igyeonmun, Hamhongmun, and Jasimun. If you think there's nothing more to see because you've already seen the front view of Gyeonghoeru Pavilion from the north side of Sujeongjeon Hall, you're mistaken. As a rule, architecture can be best appreciated and enjoyed when it is viewed from the perspective of the people who uses it.

• wall 벽, 담
• 이견문, 함홍문, 자시문
• As a rule 대체로, 일반적으로
• architecture 건축, 건축양식, 건축물(술)
• architect 건축가
• architect 설계하다
• perspective 원경, 조망, 경치/ 투시도, 원근법/ 전망, 견해, 관점
• 그 공간을 이용하는 사람들의 관점에서 바라보아야만 그 진정성과 아름다움을 제대로 이해할 수 있다는 점을 강조

1. Turning to the eastern wall of Gyeonghoeru toward a narrow alley will actually give you a quite different atmosphere from the one that you felt when you saw the pavilion and the pond from the open side near Sujeongjeon Hall. The high walls surrounding Gyeonghoeru give the pavilion a grave and dignified status.

1. Among the three bridges to reach Gyeonghoeru, the southern most one connected to Igyeonmun Gate is the king's bridge, because it is only installed with the king's lane. On the newel posts of the three bridges are carved stone animal statues which are known to drive away evil spirits.

• install 설치하다

1. Especially on the newel post of the northrnmost bridge connected to Jasimun Gate is carved Bulgasari. It is a mythological auspicious animal that defends the country from foreign invasions and fires by chewing iron, and by swallowing fire. On the posts of the bridges and on the pillars of the pavilions, we can still see the bullet marks from the Korean War which broke out on June 25, 1950. Wide credence is given to a story that Gyeonghoeru could survive the severity of the war owing to the bulgasaris' fight with every fiber of their bodies against the force of fire during the war.

• auspicious 상서로운
• credence 신빙성/ 믿음(신임)
• severity 가혹, 엄격, 심함
• 전쟁의 가혹함에서 살아남다
• with every fiber of one's body 전신으로, 온몸으로

1. Even though we have known that bulgasari is a supernatural animal that brings fire under control, we come to thank bulgasari again for its loyalty to the country. The bullet marks sporadically left on the pillars supporting the pavilion are roughly concealed with cement.

• supernatural 불가사의한, 초자연적인

1. The wavelets lap against the stone stairs of the islet where Gyeonghoeru stands. There are 48 massive stone pillars supporting the loft. The pillars are designed with a 'minheullim' style under which the upper sections are slightly narrower, and the outer ones are square while the inner ones are cylindrical. At the time of a large-scaled renovation during King Seongjong's reign(1474), the stone pillars were adorned with dragon sculptures with flowers, and as the reflections of the dragons looked like wriggling along the gentle blue waves, and playing hide and seek up and down the red lotus flowers, foreign envoys from Ryukyu, which is today's Okinawa, Japan, are said to have exclaimed at the wondrous sight.

• wavelet 잔물결
• lap 무릎/ 찰싹찰싹 치다
• islet 작은섬
• pillar 기둥
• loft 다락, (교회등의) 위층
• adorn 꾸미다, 장식하다
• sculpture 조각(술, 품)
• wriggle 꿈틀거리다
• lotus 연
• exclaim 외치다
• wondrous 놀라운, 불가사의한
• wondrous sight 놀라운 광경

1. In 1997, in the course of dredging the pond, a bronze dragon sculpture was excavated. According to Gyeonghoeru Jeondo, which is a compilation of documents about the pavilions's construction and the floor plan, Regent Heungseon, who was the biological father of King Gojong, dropped two bronze dragons in the north part of the pond when he restored the palace, instead of recreating the sculptures of dragons on the pillars. It was to suppress fire based upon the concept of 'five fundamental elements' of fire, water, wood, metal, and earth. According to the theory, there are 'mutually gernerating' or 'mutually overcoming' interaction among five elements. As melting metal would generate water, and water would overcome fire, bronze dragons were made and dropped to prevent fires, after all.

• dredge 준설하다
• sculpture 조각(술, 품)
• compilation [kὰmpəléiʃən] 편집, 편찬/모음집
• restore 회복시키다/ 복원하다
• recreate (과거에 존재하던 것을)되살리다(재현하다)

1. To the west part of the pond, two smaller man-made islets planted with some pine trees were created in a measure to let the water circulate around them for prevention of water decay. Record has it that the dethroned King, Prince Yeonsangun made an artificial mound and decorated it with things made of gold, silver, and silk. While hundreds of 'gisaengs', professional entertaining women called 'heungcheong' were performing music, he threaded his way extravagantly in a big golden dragon shaped boat. Going upstairs through the small wooden staircase, you will be attracted to the rolling lines of overlapping roofs of various buildings seen through the ornate window frames. Moving to the west, the rounded but imposing figure of the rocky Mt. Inwang seems to be the spitting image of the famous painting, Inwang jesakdo(Clearing after Rain on Mt. Inwang) of Jeong Seon(1676~1759), whose pen name was Gyeomjae. To the north, the greenish Mt. Bugak(formerly Baegak), boasts its stately presence, too. When there were no tall buildings like those on Sejongno Street of today, in what shape could the scenery of Mt Namsan be captured in the gorgeously decorated window frames?

• measure
• 측정하다
• 치수, 측정/ (꽤믾은)양, 정도/ 수단, 조치
• professional entertaining women
• 직업 접대부
• thread (실 등을)꿰다, (좁은 공간을)요리조리 빠져나가다
• thread his way ..을 헤치고 나아가다
• extravagantly 사치스럽게
• ornate 지나치게 장식한
• spitting image 꼭닮음
• greenish 녹색을 띤

• venue for grand state banquets
• literally means felicitous gatherings(경사스러운 모임)
• entertaining foreign envoys, holding royal banquets for meritorious officials, performing rain calling rituals in time of extreme drought./entertaining즐겁게하다.대접 (환대)하다/ royal 왕의, 왕실의, 황실의/ meritorious 칭찬할만한
• Carved bulgasari is on the newel post of the northernmost bridge.
• bulgasari - mythological auspicious animal that defends the country from foreign invasions and fires by chewing iron and swallowing fire./

 

• Bullet marks are on the posts of the bridges and on the pillars of the pavilion,
• 48 stone pillar/ outer ones are square/ inner ones are cylindrical.
• in 1997, in the course of dredging the pond, a bronze dragon sculpture was excavated. According to the documents about the pavilion's construction and the floor plan, Regent Heungseon, who was the biological father of king Gojong, dropped two bronze dragons to prevent fires in the north part of the pond.
• story of Gu Jong-jic

those who were not invited could not even peek through the high wall from outside.

A lowest ranking official named Gu Jong-Jik succeeded in sneaking into the pavilion.

On night duty, enraptured with the beauty, sneaked into the pavilion , ran across King Sejong/begged pardon of the king/instead of giving him a punishment, King Sejong told him to sing and recite a Chinese history book. He without hesitation recited it fluently and satisfied him with his song. So being so impressed with his readiness and diligence in his study, King granted him with an unprecedented promotion to junior fifth degree which meant skipping seven degrees all at once, which would have normally taken for about ten years.

• meritorious 칭찬할만한 메러토리어스
• course 진행/ 진로/ 과정
• compilation 편찬, 편집 , 모음 캄퍼레이션 compile
• felicitous 적절한/경사스러운/행복한 필리서터스
• floor plan 평면도
• enrapture 황홀하게하다
• drop 떨어지다/떨어뜨리다
• drip
• newel post (계단의 맨위와 맨 아래에 있는)중심기둥, 엄지기둥 : the post at the top or bottom of a flight of stairs that supports the handrail (flight 계단 층계)

5. 수정전

 5.수정전

수정전은 세종때 집현전으로 사용되었고, 임진왜란때 소실된 것을 1867(고종4)에 재건하면서 수정전이라 명명했다. 재건당시 주변에 약 200칸의 행각과 전각이 들어서 있었는데 궐내각사 라고 불렸으며, 1910년 모두 헐렸다. 1894~96년 갑오경장때 군국기무처로 사용되었다.

[]Sujeongjeon Hall

1. If you pass by Cheonchujeon in the Sajeongjeon Hall area and go through a small exit next to the Cheonjago storage, you'll come across a large open space in the west of Gyeongbokgung. To the south of the grand two-story pavilion, Gyeonghoeru, there's a hall called Sujeongjeon. Around here, There was also Jiphyeonjeon during the early Joseon period, which served as not only a center for academic, scientific, and artistic research, but also as the headquarters for civil administration during King Sejong's reign. It was where the Korean script, known as Hunminjeongeum (the original name for Hangeul), was created in the 25th year of King Sejong's reign (1443). Also, all sorts of scientific instruments, like sundials and water clocks, were invented by Jang Yeong-sil, and a musical genre called 'Aak' was organized and Consolidated by Bak Yeon for royal rituals and court ceremonies.

• operate 운영하다, 영업하다, 수술하다/ 자: 운영되다
• academic 학문의. 학원의
• cradle 요람
• script 대본, 글씨(체). 문자
• instruct 지시하다, 가르치다
• sort 종류
• create 창조하다
• invent 발명하다
• organize 조직하다, 체계화하다
• Organized는 체계적으로 정리하다는 의미로, 여러 부분을 구성하거나 정리하여 체계를 만든다는 느낌입니다. 예를 들어, 무질서한 것을 정리하거나 순서를 정할 때 사용됩니다.
• 예: "The documents were organized by date." (문서들이 날짜별로 정리되었다.)
• integrate 통합하다, 집대성하다
• Consolidate 통합하다(집대성하다)
• "integrated"는 여러 요소를 하나로 결합하는 데 중점을 두지만, 완성된 형태로 만드는 뉘앙스를 담고 있지는 않습니다.
• "집대성"은 보통 모은 것들을 하나로 통합하여 완성된 시스템이나 형태로 만드는 것을 의미합니다. 이에 비해 **"integrated"는 결합하는 과정에 초점을 맞추며, 반드시 "완성된" 형태를 의미하지는 않으므로 이경우 Consolidate가 더 적절하다
• 아악(Aak)'은 한국 전통 음악의 한 장르로, 주로 궁중 의식과 왕실 의례에서 연주되던 정통 음악입니다. 아악은 중국에서 시작되어 고구려와 백제를 거쳐 신라에 전해졌고, 이후 조선 시대에 특히 왕실과 궁중에서 중요한 역할을 했습니다.
• 조선시대 박연은 아악(Aak)의 발전에 중요한 역할을 한 인물입니다. 박연은 아악의 체계화(organized)와 집대성(Consolidated)을 이끌었던 인물로, 특히 궁중 의례에서 중요한 역할을 했습니다. 박연은 아악을 조선 왕실의 의례에 맞게 정리하고 조직화하며, 이를 체계적인 음악 체계로 정립한 인물로 평가받고 있습니다.

1. To the south of Sujeongjeon, there was a water clock pavilion called 'Borugak', where they measured the time of the day. In the west corner of the palace, there was also an astronomical observatory called 'ganuidae', where they set up the observation equipment, 'Ganui', and observed astronomical phenomena. After Sujeongjeon was restored during King Gojong's reign, around the Jiphyeonjeon Hall area, it was used as another council hall for a while. Later, it became the Office of the National and Military Affairs Administration, and eventually the Cabinet building.

• astronomical 천문(학)의/(숫자. 거리 등이)천문학적인, 방대한
• observatory 관측소, 천문대. 기상대
• equipment 장비/ 장비 설치 (비)instrument
• compound 명사 [ˈkɒmpaʊnd; 美 ˈkɑːm-] 복합체/ 화합물, 혼합물/ (큰 건물이나 시설따위의)구내
• council 회의/ 의회/ 위원회
• council hall 편전(왕과 신하들이 모여 회의를 하던 곳)
• serve as ~의 역할을 하다
• the Office of the National and Military Affairs administration (갑오경장때)군국기무처
• administer 관리하다(운영하다)/ 집행다다/ (정식적으로)주다, 부여하다/ (약을)투여하다
• administration 관리(행정)(업무)/집행/(미국의)행정부/투여
• Cabinet building 내각청사
• successively 잇따라서

1. The high and wide stone platform of Sujeongjeon shows how important and special the building is. On both the east and west sides of Sujeongjeon, you can still see two grooved stones. These are traces of the corridors that connected the hall to the west building of Sajeongjeon and the east building of Daejeonjangbang, where the eunuchs stayed. During the Japanese occupation, Sujeongjeon was used as an exhibition hall. Then, in 1966, it became a showroom for folk art, which later became the National Folk Museum we have today.

• status (법적)신분/ (사회적)지위
• grooved 홈이있는, 홈이 팬
• groove 홈/ 홈을 파다
• eunuch 내시, 환관
• exhibition [èksəbíʃən] 전시
• folk artwork showroom 한국민족관(민속예술작품전시실)
• folk (일반적인)사람들/ (비격식)여러분/ 가족, 부모/ 민족,민중,서민

민속의/ 민속 음악의

• predecessor [prédəsèsər] 전임자/ 전신
• National Folk Museum.국립 민속 박물관
• showroom 전시실, 전시관
• 복권도형: 1907년 제작된 것으로 추정/ 수정전 주변이 행각으로 둘러쌓여 있었고 수정전 좌우측으로 복도를 내어 주변 행각과 연결되었음을 알 수 있다.(제작의 동기나 목적에 대해서는 알려진 바 없음)

[]The Government Offices Inside the Palace

1. From Sujeongjeon Hall to the front of Yeongchumun Gate, the western gate of Gyeongbokgung, there are wide lawns with lots of trees. Since the trees in the palace are carefully looked after, this area might look like a beautiful garden to casual visitors, especially in spring when the cornelian cherry flowers and cherry blossoms bloom. However, these lawns used to be where the palace offices were located.

• tend ~하는 경향이 있다/ 돌보다. 간호하다
• look after 돌보다, 관리하다
• casual visitors 일반 방문객, 가벼운 방문객
• tender 제출하다. 제공하다
• decent (질이)괜찮은, 품위있는
• gorgeous 아름다운, 아주멋진/ 화려한
• cornelian cherry 산수유

1. On the site, there were many small administrative offices inside the palace. While government offices were located outside the palace along the 'Street of Six Ministries' in front of Gwanghwamun Gate, various organizations were also inside the palace to assist the king close at hand. Among them were the king's special advisory office, Hongmungwan or Okdang. Seungjeongwon was the Royal Secretariat, and Bincheong was the room where ministers would meet and wait.

• array 배열하다. 배치하다
• arrange 마련하다. (일을)주선하다/ 정리.배열하다/ 편곡하다
• Administrative offices (행정 사무소), Government offices (정부 기관), Various organizations (다양한 조직들)
• administrative 관리상의(행정상의)
• administrative offices 행정실
• Government Offices 관공서
• organizations 조직/ 단체/ 기구
• 홍문관(King's special advisory office)
• 왕의 특별 자문 기관
• 삼사: 홍문관, 사헌부, 사간원
• 사간원: 국왕에 대한 간쟁과 논박을 담당(조선시대 언론을 담당했던 기관)
• Royal Secretariat 왕의 비서실(현 대통령 비서실)
• Secretariat 비서실, 사무국/ 비서실 직원, 사무국원
• 도승지(승정원의 수장, 지금의 비서실장)
• 승정원 ㅡ 임금의 비서기관(지금의 대통령 비서실)
• 빈청(장관 회의실)ㅡ근정전 서남의 승정원 남쪽에 위치
• 3정승, 비변사 당상관, 즉 정2품 이상의 고위관직자들이 정기적으로 회의함

1. As for the military organizations, Seonjeongwancheong was in charge of the Royal Guard. Dochongbu was the Department of Military and the Palace Garrison. There was also Daejeonjangbang, where the eunuchs who attended the king stayed, and Naebanwon, which was the office that commanded them. Saongwon was responsible for making food for the royal family and providing the food vessels. Gwansanggam managed the ganuidae, an astronomical observatory, as well as the water clock pavilion, Borugak. Naeuiwon was the Royal Clinic, and there were many other offices that handled things like royal seals, tent setups, and the management of palanquins and horses.

• 선정관청- 왕의 측근에서 왕을 호위하고 명령을 하달
• 조선국왕의 경호실
• 도총부(오위도총부)
• 중앙군 오위를 감독
• 중앙의 최고 군사 기관
• Royal Guard 왕실 경호대
• Palace Grrison 궁궐 수비대
• Garrison 수비대, 주둔군
• attend on 돌보다
• Naebanwon 내반원(=내시부)
• vessels 선박/ 그릇(용기)
• manage 관리하다
• clinic 병원.클리닉/ (병원내의)과/ 상담소/ 임상강의
• seal 봉인하다,폐쇄하다/ 직인, 인장
• seal 물개
• palanquin 1인승 가마, 탈것( a covered litter, formerly used in the Orient, carried on the shoulders of four men
• litter 들것, 운반차

1. However, the whole office compound inside the palace was torn down first during the Japanese occupation leaving only one building Sujeongjeon. According to the restoration project, the offices inside the palace will be restored sooner or later.

• tear down 허물다/ 파괴하다
• occupation 직업/ 점령(기간)
• phases 단계(시기/국면)/ 상(모습)

4. 사정전

 4. 사정전(사정전, 천추전, 만춘전, 내탕고, 조선왕조실록, 해시계)

[]King's Council Hall, Sajeongjeon

1. The name, 'Sajeongjeon Hall', which means Hall of Thoughtful Governance, was dedicated by Jeong Do-jeon to remind the king of his share of duty as a ruler that he should ponder deeply to distinguish the right from the wrong to look into the condition of the people.

• dedicate 
• (시간, 노력을)바치다, 헌신하다, 전념하다
• (책, 음악, 작품 등)바치다, 헌정하다
• share 공유하다. 함께쓰다/ 나누다/ 몫, 지분/ 주식
• ponder 숙고하다, 곰곰히 생각하다
• distinguish A from B  A와 B를 구별하다

1. According to the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty , on October 7, 1395, in the fourth year of King Taejo's reign, Jeong Do-jeon exhorted that as the king alone holds the highest position unless he thoughtfully contemplates to distinguish what is rignt from what is wrong as well as who is rignt from who is wrong, he can easily fail by seeking only after vain and sumptuous things and by associating with people who lack decency. Quoting from the Book of Documents, "contemplation leads to wisdom, and wisdom makes a sage," Jeong Do-jeon said that humans can get such immense use out of contemplation, and politely suggested that the king name his council hall as 'Sajeongjeon Hall.' which means 'Hall of Thoughtful Governance.'

• Annals 연대기, 연보
• exhort 권하다, 촉구하다
• contemplate 고려하다, 심사숙고하다
• vain 헛된, 소용없는
• sumptuous 호화로운
• associate 연상하다, 결부(연관)짓다/ 어울리다,   (형)준, 부
• lack 부족, 결핍/ ~이 없다(부족하다)
• decency 체면, 품위, 예절
• Quote 인용하다
• Book of Documents 서경
• sage [seɪdʒ] 현자/ 현명한
• immense 엄청난, 어마어마한
• use 사용, 쓰임새, 사용권, 사용능력

1. The northern wall of Geunjeongjeon Hall is the corridor building of Sajeongjeon. If you step down from the northern stone platform of Geunjeongjeon, and pass through the Sajeongmun Gate, you can enter the king's office quarters including Sajeongjeon. The compound was king's office quarters where he stayed most of the times to take care of his administrative business.

• administrative business 행정 업무
• administer 관리하다, 운영하다/ 집행하다/ 주다, 투여하다
• quarter 4분의1/숙소를 제공하다,/숙소,막사

1. As Sajeongjeon has a wooden checkered floor without a heating system, it must have been difficult for the king to do his work during the cold winter season. Two auxiliary buildings, Manchunjeon(萬春殿) Hall and Cheonchujeon(千秋殿) Hall, have fire holes to the sides of the stylobates to heat the rooms during the colder months. 'Manchun(萬春)' means 'ten thousand spring', and 'Cheonchu(千秋)' means 'thousand autumns'. As the 'east' direction corresponds to 'spring' while the 'west' direction corresponds to 'autumn', the eastern hall is 'hall of Ten Thousand Springs' and the western hall is 'Hall of Thousand Autumns'. 'Man(萬)' and Cheon(千)' stand for 'ten thousand' and 'thousand' respectively, meaning 'long lasting and forever', which expresses wish for the foundation of the kingdom to last for a long time. Cheonchujeon is said to have been used by the scholars of Jiphyeonjeon, which was the royal research institute and royal library, during King Sejong's reign.

• checkered 체크무늬의
• auxiliary 보조의
• fire hole 아궁이
• stylobate 대좌, 기단
• a continuous horizontal course of masonry that support a colonnade
• colonnade: a row of columns holding up a roof
• masonry: stone, brick or concrete used to build things
• correspond 일치하다/ ~에 해당하다/ ~와 서신을 주고받다
• stand for ..을 상징하다/ ..을 의미하다/ ..을 대표하다
• foundation 토대/ 기초/ 재단/ 설립, 창립

1. If you turn around to see the southern corridor building where Sajeongmun Gate stands, you can see a name plate attached on each door of the long linear corridor buildings which belong to the Sajeongjeon compound. Those were the warehouses for the king to store his private possessions called 'Naetanggo', and each storage is named in the order of Chinese Thousand Character Classic(千字文) such as 'Cheonjago(天字庫)' and Jijago((地字庫)', just as we number things in a numerical or an alphabetical order today.

• linear 선의, 직선모양의
• warehouse 창고
• private possession 사재
• possession 소유, 소유물(소유품)
• storage 저장, 보관/ 저장고, 보관소
• numerical 수의, 숫자로 나타낸
• 내탕고: 조선시대 임금의 사사재물을 보관하던 곳간
• 내수사: 왕실의 사유재산을 관리하는 기관
• just ss ~처럼, ~대로
• as if(as though) 마치~처럼

[]Painting of Dragons in the Clouds

1. There is the king's throne laid on the checkered wooden floor of Sajeongjeon Hall. Morning audience like a cabinet meeting called sangcham was held everyday. The relevant ministers, senior officials, palace ascendable officials of major offices, royal lecturers. a royal secretary, and chroniclers attended the audience, and discussed state affairs with the king. The king also had his learning sessions in this hall with his retainers to enhance his academic level through debates after reading some passages of the Confucian scripture or history. King Sejong never skipped the Royal Lecture called gyeongyeon for 20 years, and King Seongjong is also known to have never missed a session for 25 years, strictly observing it three times a day.

• throne 왕좌, 옥좌/ 왕위, 보위
• audience 청중, 시청자, 알현
• relevant ministers 주부부 장관
• senior officials 고위 대신
• palace ascendable officials 당상관
• royal lecturers 경연관(경연: 임금에게 유학의 경서를 강론)
• royal secretary 승정원(조선시대 국왕의 비서기관-왕명의 출납 업무)
• chronicler 연대기 작가, 기록자
• chronicle 연대기, 연대기 순으로 기록하다
• 상참: 고려, 조선시대 중신등이 매일아침 국왕을 배알 하는 것
• learning sessions 학습시간
• session 시간, 회기, (법정의)개정(기간)
• retainer 보유자, 보유물/ 가신, 신하
• scripture 성서, 경전, 책(서적)
• script 대본, 원고/ 글씨
• Royal Lecture 경연
• chroniclers 사관

1. It must have been a demanding job for the retainers to catch up with the study of the king and to serve him who had such an ardent desire for learning.

• demanding 부담이 큰, 힘든, 요구가 많은
• catch up with 따라가다, 따라잡다
• ardent 열정적인

1. It is not known exactly when The Painting of Dragons in the Clouds hanging on the Sajeongjeon was painted, or if it was originally hung there. The picture symbolically expresses that the king and his retainers are mutually dependent, and should assist one another.

• mutually 서로, 상호간에
• one anither 서로(3 이상 가능)
• each other  서로(같은장소 있는 2사람)

[]Annals of the Joseon Dynasty

1. The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty is the set of records of history covering over 472 years about 25 generations of kings from King Taejo, the founder, to King Cheoljong in a chronological order. Being the longest records of one single dynasty in the world, they were enlisted as 'Memory of the World' by UNESCO in October 1997. With the most abundant and encyclopedic contents, they cover various topics not only on the general state affairs but also on social system and issues, economy, science and arts, religion, astronomy, geography, music and various facts of natural science including natural disasters, meteorological and astronomical phenomena, and even diplomatic relations among neighboring Northeast Asian countries.

• chronological 연대순의
• encyclopedic 백과사전의, 박식한
• contents 내용물
• content 만족하는
• natural science 자연 과학
• meteorological 기상의, 기상학의

1. As the system prohibited even the monarch from getting access to the draft history of the chroniclers, it guaranteed the confidentiality, truthfulness, and credibility of the annals, The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, being printed with movable metal and wooden types and completely preserved while suffering numerous wars not only show the long and advanced level of Korean printing technology and culture, but also is an unprecedented example in the world.

• draft history 사고, 사초
• draft 원고, 초안/ 틈새바람/ 마시기/ 징병/ 끌기
• confidentiality 비밀
• truthfulness 정직함, 참됨
• credibility 신뢰성
• type 형, 유형/ 활자

1. After the compilation of the Annals of the preceding king, four copies were printed, and stored with one set in the archives of the Office of History Compilation in Seoul, the other sets in each of the three Repositories in deep mountain sites built to avoid unforeseen damage. During the early years of Joseon, they were in the cities of Chungju, Seongju, and Jeonju. However, after the Japanese Invasions(1592~1598), they were stored in the repositories of the Annals in Seoul, Mt. Mani, Mt. Taebaek, Mt. Myohayng, and Mt. Odae.

• compilation 모음집/ 편집, 편찬
• archives 공문서, 기록보관소
• Repository 저장소, 보관소
• unforeseen 예측하지 못한, 뜻밖의
• sites 사이트, 현장, 유적지, 장소, 부지
• 조선전기(춘추관, 충주, 성주, 전주사고) → 임진왜란(춘추관, 중주, 성주 소실→전주사고만 남음)→전주사고를 바탕으로 4부를 재간→춘추관, 강호, 태백산, 묘향산(적성산), 오대산의 5곳에 보관

1. Following is from the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, on February 8, 1404, in the fourth year of King Taejong's reign. It shows how much King Taejong was conscious of the chroniclers. The king went on a hunting trip with his bow and arrow riding a horse himself. While shooting an arrow at a roe deer, as the horse toppling down, the king fell off the horse, but he was not hurt. Looking around left and right, he ordered, "Do not let the chroniclers know about this (my falling)."

• was conscious of ~을 의식하는, 자각하는
• roe deer 노루
• toppling down 앞으로 꼬꾸라지다, 쓰러지다

1. This article shows that no matter how much King Taejong was displeased with the presence of the chroniclers even in the King's hunting outing for a personal rest, he could not forbid them from accompanying him as the chroniclers also could not in the least neglect their solemn duty to record all words and deeds of the kings. Probably being too conscious of their presence, King Taejong lost his balance when the horse tumbled down, and fell to the ground. Instead of examining where he was hurt, the first word that he said was, "Do not let the chroniclers know about this." Nevertheless, not only did he fail in keeping the chroniclers from knowing the fact, but also it is now even open to public on the internet after 600 years including his very anxious order to keep the chroniclers from knowing it.

• not in the least 조금도
• hunting 사냥
• outing 여행, 야유회
• solemn 엄숙한
• examining 조사하다. 검사하다. 시험을 실시하다
• anxious 불안해 하는, 염려하는/ 열망하는

1. Also, through King Sejong's Annals on March 2, 1438, in the 20th year of his reign, we can find that once King Sejong consulted with some officials about his reading the Annals of his father, King Taejong, to use them as reference and guide for his goverance. However he could not help succumbing to the legitimate logic of the officials and chroniclers at last, concluding not to read them and to guarantee the confidentiality and independence of the chroniclers' job. With their firm conviction and unshakable noble sprit, the officials convinced King Sejong not to read the Annals, as the relevant chroniclers still being alive, they would feel very uncomfortable and insecure, and the future generation would no trust the contents if the king had read them either during or after the compilation of the Annals.

• consult 상담하다. 상의하다
• succumb 굴복하다. 무릎을 꿇다.
• legitimate 정당한, 합법적인
• logic 논리
• concluding 결론(단단)을 내리다. 끝내다. 끝나다
• convince 납득시키다, 설득시키다
• insecure 안전하지 못한

[]Sundial

1. The sundial in Gyeongbokgung Palace is presently installed in a small yard of Sajeongjeon Hall.

1. The 'Angbuilgu(仰釜日晷)' literally means 'an upward looking sundial in the shape of a concave cauldron.' It was first invented by Jang Yeong-sil during the reign of King Sejong telling not only the time as a clock, but also 24 solar terms as a calendar. On the concave surface of Angbuilgu, 13 horizontal lines stand for 24 solar terms, and many vertical lines tell the time with the position of the shadow of the pointed gnomon called yeongchim which is set to point to the due north. Over the long period of Joseon, several types of Angbuilgu had been devised and improved. On the south rim of the cauldron, silver writings are inlaid that Hanyang is located at 37도20분 N, which shows the advanced level of science to have already determined the geographic latitude of Hanyang.

• 仰釜日晷 가마솥 부, 그림자 구
• concave 오목한
• cauldron 가마솥
• solar term 절기
• term 용어, 말/ 임기, 기간, 학기, 사계/ 조건
• pointed 지적하는/ 뾰족한/ 겨누는
• gnomon [nóuman 지시침
• due north 정북으로
• due 지불 만기가 된, 만기의/ ..할 예정인/ 정당한, 당연한/ (부사) (방향의 명사에 붙어서) 똑바로, 정(正)…
• inlaid 상감 세공한
• 북위 37도 20분 37 degree 20 minute north
• determine 알아내다. 밝히다/ 결정하다
• geographic 지리학의/ 지리적인
• latitude 위도
• bustling 부산한, 북적거리는
• bustle 바삐 움직이다, 서두르다

1. King Sejong  installed Angbuilgu not only in each royal palace and in front of Jongmyo Shrine, but also on the bustling street near Hyejeonggyo Bridge, where Gwanghwamun Post Office is located currently, so that common people could also know the time.

• 혜정교: 종로구 종로1가 광화문우체국 부근에 있던 다리
• currently (부사)현재, 지금
• current 현재의, 통용되는/흐름, 전류, 경향

1. Now, would you like to learn how to read the time?