10. 자선당

 10.자선당 (동궁전)

• The Crown Prince's Quarters, Jaseondang Hall

1. Donggungjeon means the royal residence on the east side of the palace. The east side represents spring, when everything in nature comes back to life. For this reason, the ceremony to appoint a crown prince was usually held in spring.
2. “Jaseon” means “to nurture one’s good nature.”
   Here, Crown Prince Munjong, the eldest son of King Sejong, lived for about 20 years before becoming king.
   
3. His wife, Crown Princess Gwon (later Queen Hyeondeok), gave birth to their son, King Danjong, in 1441. Sadly, she passed away the next day.
   
4. After King Sejong died, Munjong became king, but he ruled for only a short time because he was already in poor health. His condition became worse after he became king, and he passed away about two years after his coronation. 
5. After him, his young son Danjong became king.
   
6. King Sejo was Danjong’s uncle, the younger brother of King Munjong. He later took the throne from his young nephew, King Danjong, by force.
   
7. Afterwards, King Gojong restored Gyeongbokgung Palace, and his crown prince (later Emperor Sunjong) also stayed here.
8. Donggungjeon is located east of Geunjeongjeon Hall and Sajeongjeon Hall. The area includes Jaseondang Hall and Bihyeongak Hall.
9. Jaseondang was the living area for the crown prince and princess. Bihyeongak was the office for the crown prince.
10. In front of Donggungjeon, there were two offices that helped the crown prince. One was Chunbang, where he studied and was taught. The other was Gyebang, which was responsible for his safety.
    With this system, the crown prince was well prepared to become the next king.
    

• come back to life. 소생하다
• crown prince 왕세자
• symbolize 상징하다
• quarter 4/1/ 구역(지구)/  숙소(막사)
• residential quarters 거주지
• investiture 수여식(임관식)
• restore (타)복원하다, 복구하다/ 회복시키다/ 복직시키다
• recover (자)회복되다/ (타)회복하다/ 되찾다
• appoint a crown prince “세자를 책봉하다 / 세자로 임명하다”
• nurture  [ˈnɜːrtʃ-] 양육하다/ 육성하다/ 키우다
• nurture one's good nature 착한 성품을 기르다
• Crown Princess 왕세자비
• usurp  [juːsə́ːrp] 빼앗다. 찬탈하다
• 세종/ 문종(현덕왕후 권씨)/ 단종/ 세조(수양대군-세종의 둘째 아들)
• took responsibilities for ~을 책임지다

## The Crown Prince's Quarters – Donggungjeon and Jaseondang Hall

You are now standing at Donggungjeon, the residence of the Crown Prince, the heir to the throne.

The name Donggungjeon means the royal residence located on the east side of the palace. In traditional East Asian thought, the east symbolizes spring, the season when nature comes back to life. For this reason, the ceremony appointing a crown prince was usually held in spring.

The main building here is Jaseondang Hall. The name Jaseon means “to nurture one’s good nature.”

Munjong, the eldest son of King Sejong the Great, lived here as crown prince for about twenty years before becoming king.

In 1441, his wife, Crown Princess Gwon, later known as Queen Hyeondeok, gave birth to their son, Prince Danjong, who would later become king. Sadly, she passed away the following day.

After King Sejong died, Crown Prince Munjong ascended the throne and became King Munjong. However, he had already been in poor health, and his condition worsened after he became king. He passed away only about two years after his coronation.

Following his death, his young son ascended the throne as King Danjong.

King Danjong's uncle was Grand Prince Suyang, the younger brother of King Munjong. He later took the throne by force and became King Sejo, one of the most controversial kings of the Joseon Dynasty.

Many years later, King Gojong, who restored Gyeongbokgung Palace in the nineteenth century, allowed his crown prince to live here as well. That crown prince later became Emperor Sunjong, the last ruler of the Korean Empire.

Donggungjeon is located to the east of Geunjeongjeon Hall, the palace's main throne hall, and Sajeongjeon Hall, where the king conducted daily state affairs. The complex consists of Jaseondang Hall and Bihyeongak Hall.

Jaseondang served as the living quarters of the crown prince and crown princess, while Bihyeongak functioned as the crown prince's office.

In front of Donggungjeon stood two offices that supported the crown prince. One was Chunbang, where he studied and received instruction from scholars and officials. The other was Gyebang, which was responsible for his safety and protection.

Through this system of education and support, the crown prince was carefully prepared for his future role as the next king.

[]Where is the Palace's Outhouse?

1. It is not easy to find a toilet in the palace today. While touring the palace, many visitors wonder where the toilets were located in the past.
2. Kings and queens used portable toilets called “maewooteul,” which means “a frame for maewoo.”
   “Maewoo” refers to the rainy season from mid-June to early July, when plum fruits become fully ripe and fall like raindrops.
3. What about others who needed to use the toilet? How did they take care of their natural needs? 
4. This is one of the most common questions from tourists.
5. Long ago, there were many outhouses in several places inside the palace. However, during the Japanese occupation, the palace was badly damaged, so it is hard to find any remains today.
   
6. Although it is difficult to find traces of them now, according to old maps and paintings handed down to us, such as the Map of the Northern Palace and the Painting of the Eastern Palaces, we can see that there were about 28 toilet areas in Gyeongbokgung Palace.
   
7. The Donggungjeon area was especially damaged during the Japanese occupation. However, when it was restored in 1999, two outhouses between Jaseondang and Bihyeongak were also rebuilt.
   Now, not only those two, but also four more outhouses have been restored to the east of Bihyeongak.
   
8. However, many visitors do not realize these are toilets because they are decorated with colorful traditional patterns called “dancheong.” They do not look like the toilets as we usually imagine.

• outhouse 별채/ 변소, 옥외 화장실
• protable 운반할 수 있는, 휴대용의 
• release 풀어주다. 방출하다
• physiological 생리적인
• necessity 필요
• take care of their natural needs 자연적 욕구를 해결하다(생리현상을 해결하다)
• refer to 
• 참조하다, 조회하다, 문의하다
• 언급하다
• 가리키다
• notice 
• ..을 알아차리다, ...(이라는 것을)알다, 깨닫다.
• ..에 주의(주목)하다
• 통지하다
• infer 추론하다
• heavily 심하게
• painting 그림, 유화, 수체화/ 그림 그리기, 화법/ 페인트칠하기
• as ~ 처럼, 대로                     
• 소변은 '지'라 불리는 요강에, 대변은 '매화틀(매회틀, 매우틀)에서 봄/ 왕의 대변을 '매화'라 하여 '매화틀'/ 대변 볼때 냄새와 소리를 나지 않게 재를 넣었기에 '매회틀'/ 왕의 대변과 소변을 '매우'라고 불렀기에 '매우틀'이라고 부름

## Where Were the Palace Toilets?

While touring Gyeongbokgung Palace today, many visitors ask the same question:

“Where were the toilets?”

Because modern restrooms are not always easy to find inside the palace grounds, many people become curious about how people used the toilet in the past.

Kings and queens used portable toilets called “maewooteul,” which means “a frame for maewoo.”

The word “maewoo” refers to the rainy season from mid-June to early July, when plum fruits become fully ripe and fall like raindrops.

But what about everyone else who lived and worked in the palace? How did they take care of their daily needs?

This is one of the questions most frequently asked by tourists.

Long ago, there were many outhouses throughout the palace. However, many of them were lost when the palace was heavily damaged during the Japanese occupation, and very few traces remain today.

Even though most of them have disappeared, old maps and paintings, including the Map of the Northern Palace and the Painting of the Eastern Palaces, show that there were about twenty-eight toilet areas within Gyeongbokgung Palace.

The Donggungjeon area suffered particularly heavy damage during the Japanese occupation. However, when the area was restored in 1999, two outhouses located between Jaseondang Hall and Bihyeongak Hall were reconstructed as well.

Today, visitors can see not only those two restored outhouses, but also four additional ones located to the east of Bihyeongak Hall.

Many visitors do not realize that these buildings are actually toilets. Because they are decorated with colorful traditional patterns known as dancheong, they look very different from the toilets people usually imagine.

• 북궐도, 동궐도

[] Punggidae(풍기대)

1. As you leave Jaseondang Hall and walk northwest toward Hamhwadang Hall and Jipgyeongdang Hall, you can see a special stone pillar on the left side of the road. It is called Punggidae.

2. Punggidae was a scientific tool used during the Joseon Dynasty. It was used to observe the weather, like a sundial and a rain gauge. The Joseon people believed that farming was very important for the country, so they carefully observed weather changes.

3. There was a groove on the top of Punggidae where a flag was placed. By watching the flag, people could check the direction and speed of the wind.

• engrave 새기다. 조각하다
• grave

                ㅇ 무덤

                ㅇ 엄숙한, 중대한

                ㅇ ...을 새기다

•  gauge [ɡeɪdʒ] 표준 치수, 치수/계측기
• astronomical and meteorological 천체 기상의
• devote something to something ~을 ~에 바치다(쏟다)
• basis 근거, 이유/ 기초
• put effort into ~에 노력을 들이다

##  Punggidae

As you leave Jaseondang Hall and walk northwest toward Hamhwadang Hall and Jipgyeongdang Hall, look to the left side of the path. There, you will see a special stone pillar called Punggidae.

Punggidae was a scientific instrument used during the Joseon Dynasty to observe the weather. Along with devices such as sundials and rain gauges, it helped people understand natural conditions more accurately.

Because agriculture was considered the foundation of the country, the Joseon government paid close attention to weather changes and carefully monitored the environment.

At the top of Punggidae was a groove where a flag could be placed. By observing the movement of the flag, people were able to check both the direction and the strength of the wind.